Effect of silica nanoparticles on mechanical properties of self-cured acrylic resin
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RESEARCH PAPER
Effect of silica nanoparticles on mechanical properties of self-cured acrylic resin C. M. B. Mussatto & E. M. N. Oliveira & K. Subramani & R. M. Papaléo & E. G. Mota
Received: 13 July 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The purpose of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of silanized and nonsilanized silica nanoparticles (~ 160 nm) in mechanical properties and surface roughness of self-cured acrylic resins. Five groups of samples were produced (with six specimens each), following the ISO 20795-1:2013 specifications. In the control group (Ctrl), no particles were added in the resin composition. Non-silanized silica nanoparticles were added either into the polymer (0.7 wt%, group G1) or into the monomer (0.27 wt%, G2). Two equivalent groups were formed for composite resins with silanized nanoparticles (groups G3 with 0.7 wt% incorporated into the polymer and G4 with 0.27 wt% added into the monomer). Data were submitted to Shapiro-Wilk (α = 0.05) and ANOVA/Tukey (α = 0.05). Nanoparticle-loaded resins showed similar microhardness as the control and a reduced flexural strength (20–27%) which was neither dependent on C. M. B. Mussatto (*) : E. G. Mota Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] E. M. N. Oliveira : R. M. Papaléo Interdisciplinary Center of Nanoscience and Micro-Nanotechnology, School of Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), RSPorto Alegre, Brazil K. Subramani Department of Advanced Education in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, Henderson, NV, USA
the amount of filler added nor in the method of nanoparticle incorporation. Surface silanization caused no major improvement in the mechanical behavior of the nanoresins but appears to improve dispersibility, as indicated by a smaller surface roughness. Keywords PMMA . Dental composites . Nanoparticles . Silica
Introduction Self-curing acrylic resins used for manufacturing of dental prosthetics and temporary crowns remain in the mouth of patients, usually for long periods of time, serving, for example, as pulp and periodontal protection during the whole treatment (Kim and Watts 2004a). Therefore, it is very important for such dental materials to have adequate mechanical properties, including resistance to fracture; high flexural strength, typically larger than 60 MPa (ISO 20795-1 2013); and sufficient hardness (Da Silva et al. 2012; Balos et al. 2014; Cevik and Bicer 2016). In addition, surface roughness levels between 0.15 and 0.30 μm are desirable in order to diminish oral microbiota retention and maintain the health of periodontal tissues and patient comfort (Yamauchi et al. 1990; Bollen et al. 1997; Borchers et al. 1999). Studies to improve the mechanical behavior of acrylic resins have started with thermopolymerizable resins reinforced
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