Effects of DOPO-Grafted Epoxidized Soybean Oil on Fracture Toughness and Flame Retardant of Epoxy Resin/Rice Husk Silica
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Article www.springer.com/13233 pISSN 1598-5032 eISSN 2092-7673
Effects of DOPO-Grafted Epoxidized Soybean Oil on Fracture Toughness and Flame Retardant of Epoxy Resin/Rice Husk Silica Hybrid Cuong Manh Vu1 Quang-Vu Bach*,2
1
Center for Advanced Chemistry, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam 2 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources and Environment Research Group, Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Received November 27, 2019 / Revised March 1, 2020 / Accepted March 23, 2020
Abstract: In this work, the effects of 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene10-oxide (DOPO) grafted epoxidized soybean oil (ESO-G-DOPO) on mechanical properties and flame retardant of rice husk silica filled epoxy based composite were investigated detail. The silica was extracted from rice husk before using as reinforcement for epoxy resin. While the epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was synthesized from soybean oil via epoxidation processing prior to react with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to form ESO-G-DOPO. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to confirm the chemical structure of silica, ESO and ESO-G-DOPO. The content of rice husk silica was also kept at constant of 20 wt.% while the content of ESO-G-DOPO was varying in range from 0 to 15 wt.% according to epoxy weight. The experimental results indicated that the presence of ESO-G-DOPO help to enhance the fracture energy, tensile strength, flexural strength up to 111.36, 67.26, and 87.79 %, respectively in comparison with virgin sample. Especially, the results of cone calorimeter testing, limiting oxygen index indicated that the flammability of epoxy resin was extremely reduced with presence of ESO-G-DOPO. A mechanism of flame retardant was also proposed to answer for the question how ESO-G-DOPO acted in a flame. Keywords: 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO), mechanical properties, epoxy resin, epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), fracture energy, silica.
1. Introduction Both thermoplastic and thermosetting were greatly applied in many fields as an example of matrices for composite,1,2 coating,3 automotive components,4,5 marine,6 etc. These materials exhibited their high corrosion resistance, high chemical resistance, high mechanical properties, and thermal stability.7,8 Among these the epoxy resins also were widely used for fabrication of composite materials.9-11 Beside their advantages as processability, high chemical resistance, good mechancical properties these resins still exhibited their disadvantages with name brittleness and high flammability. These properties can limited the applications of these resin in many industrial fields which required the high fracture toughness such as aerospace. The high crosslinking density in completely cured samples was also indicated as the main reason for this property.12,13 Many published works focused on improvement the fracture toughness,14-20 and
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