Effects of Temperature and pH on Acute Toxicity of Triclosan in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878)
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effects of Temperature and pH on Acute Toxicity of Triclosan in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) Tapas Paul1 • S. P. Shukla1 • Kundan Kumar1 • Nalini Poojary1 • S. Manickavasagam1 Saurav Kumar1
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Received: 24 April 2019 / Revised: 11 September 2019 / Accepted: 25 September 2019 The National Academy of Sciences, India 2019
Abstract The present investigation aimed to evaluate acute toxicity of an emergent pollutant, triclosan (TCS), in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus under the influence of varied temperatures and pH. Degradation of TCS in aqueous solution was estimated under in vitro condition at different temperatures and pH separately and in combination. Further, the effect of temperature (25, 30 and 35 C) and pH (6.5, 7.5 and 8.5) on the acute toxicity of TCS for fish was evaluated. The combined effects of temperature and pH showed the highest degradation of TCS at temperature 35 C and pH 7.5. The lowest 96-h LC50 of TCS for P. hypophthalmus was observed at 25 C and pH 6.5. Moreover, in the combinatorial study, the exposed fishes showed marked clinical signs of acute stress such as airgulping, respiratory distress and overproduction of mucus on the surface of the body with varying degrees depending upon the concentration of TCS. Therefore, the environmental concentrations of TCS in different habitats may have different manifestations on aquatic organisms and might be applied in future screening level for ecotoxicological risk assessments. Keywords Triclosan Temperature pH Degradation LC50
Significance Statement In the present study, the rate of degradation of triclosan is increased at higher temperatures and near-neutral pH. The low level of temperature and pH in combination elevates the acute toxicity of triclosan in fish. & Saurav Kumar [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400061, India
Introduction The anthropogenic activities and mushrooming of industries ensuing to produce diverse products are responsible for the discharge of emerging chemicals like pharmaceuticals, personal care products and a variety of endocrinedisrupting compounds to the aquatic system [1, 2]. In recent, emerging pollutants are the major concerns for aquatic animals, as very little regulatory information related to their uses and impact assessment is available, and on the contrary, the feed from wastewater treatment plants is continuous [3, 4]. Unavoidably, the influx of chemicals (antimicrobials and biocides) used in these personal care products and pharmaceutical drugs and their metabolites into the aquatic environment has cumulated to a great negative impact on aquatic biota [5]. Among biocides, triclosan {5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenol} (TCS) is the most widely used antimicrobial agent in personal care products [6, 7]. Incomplete removal of TCS from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and application of biosolids containing residues of TCS leads to its occurrence in th
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