Efficiency of Microbial Preparations Based on Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderna harzianum for the Protection of Spring B
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OF BIOLOGICALS
Efficiency of Microbial Preparations Based on Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderna harzianum for the Protection of Spring Barley from Diseases in Northwestern Russia A. M. Shpaneva, b, * and E. S. Denisyuka aAgrophysical
Research Institute, St. Petersburg, 195220 Russia All-Russia Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg, 196608 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
b
Received August 26, 2019; revised October 9, 2019; accepted October 23, 2019
Abstract—The efficiency of the microbial preparations Vitaplan LP and Trikhotsin LP, which are based on loose powders of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderna harzianum cells, respectively, for the protection of spring barley from root rot and helminthosporium leaf spots in the northwest of the Russian Federation has been studied. It was shown that both preparations had a small effect on spring-barley diseases when used for the treatment of seeding material or vegetative plants. The development of helminthosporium-fusarium root rot and helminthosporium leaf spots was reduced by 35%. A higher biological and agricultural effect was achieved with the use of a drug for the treatment of seeds with a low degree of infection by the main root-rot pathogen. Compensation for reduced doses of chemical fungicides with Vitaplan LP had less of an effect than full doses of these fungicides: the effect on root rot and helminthosporium leaf spots was reduced by 17 and 12.7%, respectively. The use of mixtures of Vitaplan LP with chemical preparations is advisable at a medium degree of seed contamination with root-rot pathogens and a predicted moderate development of helminthosporium leaf spots. Keywords: spring barley, biological plant-protection products, root rot, leaf diseases, economic efficiency DOI: 10.1134/S0003683820090082
INTRODUCTION In recent years, the biological protection of crops has been rapidly developing in Russia as a high-priority area in plant protection from pests. Numerous acute, phytosanitary problems in agriculture, in particular, the contamination of crops with root rot and other pathogens, have been successfully resolved with the application of biologicals. The literature is dominated by data on the high efficiency of biologicals against various pathogens of cereals in different parts of the country [1–7]. For instance, the BE of the Agat 25-K preparation for the protection of spring barley from root rot was found to be 48.3% [8], while double spraying with the Albit drug reduced helminthosporium leaf spots by 68.6% [9]. At the same time, there are many references in the literature to the weak effect of biofungicides and the strong dependence of their efficiency on the degree of infection, humidity, and Abbreviations: BE—biological efficiency; EC—emulsion concentrate; LSD05—least significant difference; LP—loose powder; NPK—complex mineral fertilizer containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium; R—weighted average degree of plant damage; SC—suspension concentrate; WSC—water-soluble concentrate.
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