Electrochemical analysis of organic compounds in solid-state: applications of voltammetry of immobilized microparticles
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REVIEW PAPER
Electrochemical analysis of organic compounds in solid-state: applications of voltammetry of immobilized microparticles in bioanalysis and cultural heritage science Géssica Domingos da Silveira 1
&
Francesca Di Turo 2 & Daiane Dias 3 & José Alberto Fracassi da Silva 1
Received: 18 May 2020 / Revised: 4 June 2020 / Accepted: 8 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Most of the advances in the electrochemical study of solid materials are due to the development and application of voltammetry of immobilized microparticles in several areas besides electroanalytical. The technique has been applied in the evaluation of solid-state electrochemical behavior of compounds, qualitative and semi-quantitative determinations, monitoring of products derived from specific reactions, authentication and discrimination of several samples, and as quality control analytical tool. Recently, the studies involving solid organic compounds in different areas, such as pharmaceutical, biomedical, food, and cultural heritage sciences, have emerged and deserved special attention. In this regard, this paper aims to review the state-ofthe-art of voltammetry of immobilized microparticles applied to organic compound analysis in solid-state in several research fields, highlighting some technique features and their applications for different purposes. Keywords Electrochemistry . Organic compounds . Solid-state . Voltammetry . VIMP
Introduction In most analytical techniques, development and advances throughout history were made by means of organic and inorganic compound analyses in solution phase, especially due to the difficulties found in the understanding of analytical processes in solid state. In the electrochemistry and electroanalytical field, the advances followed the same development as in other areas, such as spectroscopy techniques, being applied many years later to study and determine solid analytes. As
Personal dedication: The authors would like to dedicate this to Professor Fritz Scholz on the occasion of his 65th birthday. * Géssica Domingos da Silveira [email protected] 1
Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Rua Josué de Castro 126 Cidade Universitária, Campinas, SP 130810361, Brazil
2
Center for Cultural Heritage Technology (CCHT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via della Libertà 12, Marghera, 30175 Venice, Italy
3
Laboratório de Eletro-Espectro Analítica (LEEA), Escola de Química e Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Itália km 8, Rio Grande, RS 96203-900, Brazil
described by Scholz and Meyer [1], many reasons could be associated with that especially considering the complicated nature of solids in experimental and theoretical perspectives. However, the use of electrochemistry applied to solid materials is not a novel task. In the case of electroanalytical studies, compact electrodes, paste, and composite electrodes combined with other strategies have been applied. Each of these strategies has its advantages and disadvantages an
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