Electrochemical efficacies of coal derived nanocarbons
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Electrochemical efficacies of coal derived nanocarbons Riya Thomas1 • B. Manoj1
Received: 6 February 2020 / Revised: 29 March 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Carbon based nanomaterials are acknowledged for their admirable optical, electrical, mechanical characteristics and broad class of applications. Choice of precursor and simple synthesis techniques have decisive roles in viable production and commercialization of carbon produce. The intense demand to develop high purity carbon nanomaterials through inexpensive techniques has promoted usage of fossil derivatives as feasible source of carbon. Coal serves as a naturally available, abundant and cheap feedstock for carbon materials. From the crystalline clusters of aromatic hydrocarbons in a cross-linked network, carbon nanostructures can easily be extracted through green synthesis routes. It promotes a potent alternative for the cost effective and scaled up production of nanocarbon. The well-developed pores distribution, presence of numerous active sites and appropriate migration channels for ions enhance the electrochemical parameters necessary for the fabrication of supercapacitors, batteries and electrochemical sensors. The metallic impurities contained in coal contribute towards faradic redox reactions required for an efficient electrode modification. In this review, the potential uses of coal based carbon nanomaterials in energy storage and environmental sectors are discussed in detail. Keywords Nano carbon Coal Supercapacitors Energy storage
1 Introduction Carbon based nanoparticles opened up a new frontier in material science through countless forms of derivatives and its unique set of remarkable properties (Foygel et al. 2005; Worsley et al. 2012). The form of allotropes varies from zero-dimensional Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs) to special structures like onion-like and diamond-like carbons (Peng et al. 2012; Manoj and Kunjomana 2014; Das et al. 2016a, b; Manoj et al. 2017). These nanomaterials are poised to transmute futuristic applications of photovoltaics, energy storage, bioimaging, drug delivery and sensors exploiting its noteworthy physico-chemical characteristics (Liu et al. 2012; Shen et al. 2012; Manoj et al. 2018). & B. Manoj [email protected] 1
Department of Physics & Electronics, CHRIST, Bangalore, India
Despite the promising applications of nanocarbons, environmentally benign mass production at lower cost is a major issue that needs to be addressed. The conventional fabrication techniques for graphene, Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) and other carbon-based nanomaterials involve expensive carbon feedstock and time-consuming techniques (Awasthi et al. 2005; Riya and Manoj 2020). Thus, commercialization and practical applications of carbon materials are hindered due to the high cost of production. Consequently, a special attention is requisite for the choice of carbonaceous precursor and synthesis approaches regarding the viable production of carbon-based nanomaterials. In this scenario, earth’s abundant c
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