Enhancing the Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reaction Efficiency of Amine Functionalized MOF NH 2 -UiO-66 via Incorporati
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Enhancing the Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution Reaction Efficiency of Amine Functionalized MOF NH2‑UiO‑66 via Incorporation of CuO Nanoparticles Muhammad Fiaz1 · Muhammad Athar1 Received: 21 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 April 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Development of highly efficient and stable bi-functional electrocatalyst towards both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by engaging the earth abundant precursors has attracted much research attention. In this study, a highly efficient, durable and stable amine functionalized MOF based bi-functional electrocatalyst CuO@NH2UiO-66 has been facilely synthesized via in-situ incorporation of pre-synthesized CuO nanoparticles into amine functionalized Zr-MOF NH2-UiO-66. It is observed that CuO@NH2-UiO-66 exhibits excellent bi-functional electrocatalytic activity towards HER as well as OER and delivers the benchmark of 10 mA cm−2 current density at just 166 and 283 mV overpotential, respectively, which is better than several previously, reported Cu-based, different transition metals and MOF based HER and OER catalysts. It also exhibits lower Tafel slope value 87 and 113 mV d ec−1 towards HER and OER, respectively which indicates faster and better charge transfer during catalytic activity. CuO@NH2-UiO-66 exhibits significant stability and generates constant current density upto 6000 s during water electrolysis experiments. Furthermore, SEM and P-XRD techniques are used to investigate the stability of working electrode after the electrocatalytic studies and it is observed that CuO@NH2-UiO-66 maintains its integrity and chemical structure, after many hours of electrocatalytic activity. This study encourages the development of more earth abundant transition metals and MOFs based electrocatalysts for efficient electrochemical studies. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Metal–organic frameworks · Water splitting · Solvothermal · Hydrogen evolution reaction · Oxygen evolution reaction Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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1 Introduction The current energy sources of the world are fossil fuels and 80% of total energy needs are fulfilled by these natural resources due to their easy availability, high energy density, easy storage, handling and transportation. Fossil fuels fulfill the energy demands in every field of life such as transportation, industries and heating. The fossil fuel reservoirs are providing nearly 13,371 million tons of oil equivalents (MOTE) to the world’s total energy [1]. It has been observed that these fossil fuels reservoirs are continuously and rapidly depleting due to continuous increase in the consumption of these fossil fuels. This rapid increase in the consumption of fossil fuels is mainly due to continuous growing world’s population and living standards. Therefore, it has been reported that these fossil fuel reservoirs will not be able to fulfill the increasing demands of energy and will be almost depleted up to 20
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