Environmental concerns and switching toward electric vehicles: geographic and institutional perspectives

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ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND RISKS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN HEALTH

Environmental concerns and switching toward electric vehicles: geographic and institutional perspectives Aqsa Sajjad 1,2 & Fahad Asmi 3 & Jianxun Chu 1 & Muhammad Azfar Anwar 2,3 Received: 31 October 2019 / Accepted: 2 March 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Smog pollution deteriorates environmental quality and has severe health risks. This affects the daily lives of people in China, particularly in urban areas. Along with other factors, a large portion for smog comes from transportations, making it dense and more hazardous in urban areas. The Chinese government aims to reduce air pollution by promoting electric vehicles and green modes for mobility along with other environmental protection measures. The study explores the switching intentions of people from motorized vehicles to electric vehicles by integrating push-pull-mooring model and institutional theory. The study incorporates environmental quality, regulative environment, alternative attractiveness, normative environment, self-(decision)efficacy, and willingness to pay into an integrated framework. The study further analyzes the green behavior of consumers by extending switching intentions for electric vehicles. The integrated framework explains mooring as the most influential factor followed by normative environment from pull factors and environmental quality from push factors. The effect of regulative environment remains weak and significant, but the effect of alternative attractiveness remains weak and insignificant. The switching intentions strongly and significantly explain green behavior. Furthermore, mooring moderates the relationship between push factors, some of the pull factors, and switching intentions. Keywords Green behavior . Electric vehicle . Switching intentions . Push-pull-mooring . Institutional theory

Introduction China is enjoying rapid economic growth which considerably contributes to air pollution and has exposed people to severe health problems by breathing this contaminated air (Qiu et al. 2018). Urban transportation in China is changing radically due to high economic growth which leads to more dependence on motorized vehicles for mobility. This swelling dependence Aqsa Sajjad and Fahad Asmi contributed equally to this work. Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Muhammad Azfar Anwar [email protected] Jianxun Chu [email protected] 1

School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China

2

COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan

3

Department of Science and Technology Communication and Policy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China

on motorized vehicles contributes to various environmental problems, e.g., air pollution, congestion, and carbon dioxide emission (Sun et al. 2017). The transportation sector is the third largest in China which accumulates 49.9% oil consumption and 8.4% of CO2 emission. According to the Ministry of Ecol