Environmental management and valorization of cultivated tobacco stalks by combined pretreatment for potential bioethanol
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Environmental management and valorization of cultivated tobacco stalks by combined pretreatment for potential bioethanol production Karn Sophanodorn 1,2 & Yuwalee Unpaprom 2,3 & Kanda Whangchai 4 & Nigran Homdoung 1 & Nattawud Dussadee 1 & Rameshprabu Ramaraj 1,2 Received: 12 August 2020 / Revised: 24 August 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Expanding concern over exhausting fossil fuel and nursery gas limits must lead the more intrigued in renewable fuel-making from biomass sources counting sugars, starches, and lignocellulosic materials. Cultivated tobacco stalk is one of the massive amounts of available biorefinery wastes. Therefore, tobacco stalk was used for bioethanol production in this study. It contains abundant chemical compounds including cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin 35.45 ± 0.13(%), 43.90 ± 0.26 (%), and 18.16 ± 0.28 (%), respectively. The total and reducing sugar utilizing phenol-sulfuric and DNS methods were carried out before and after the bioethanol fermentation process. Also, the combined pretreatment process was used for the degradation of the biomass and better accessibility to available sugars to increase the bioethanol production. Hydrolysate with the highest sugar concentration was selected and proceeded to bioethanol fermentation for 72 h. From the experimental results obtained, the total and reducing sugar concentration of tobacco stalk was 27.97 g/L and 5.43 g/L, individually. The results revealed the highest ethanol yields 75.74 (g/L) was reached at 48 h fermentation. Consequently, this form of combined pretreatment technique is a promising method of increasing the overall yield in the dried tobacco stalks to the bioethanol production process. Keywords Bioethanol . Cultivated tobacco stalk . Valorization . Pretreatment . Fermentation
1 Introduction Exhausting fossil fuels lead the researcher to investigate alternative sources of energy. Carbon dioxide emissions, global warming, acid rain, and urban smog are one of those damages generated using fossil fuels [1–3]. Moreover, several countries are seeking new forms of alternative energy sources, which is the guarantee for long-term energy security and reducing carbon dioxide from the use of fossil fuels [4]. Hence, this * Rameshprabu Ramaraj [email protected]; [email protected] 1
School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
2
Sustainable Resources and Sustainable Engineering Research Lab, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
3
Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
4
Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry and Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
phenomenon had shifted toward the production of biofuels from renewable resources [5]. These materials aim to produce biofuels in an environment-friendly approach that will limit the effect on climate change and global oceanic acidification and, more importa
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