Environmentally safe release of plant available potassium and micronutrients from organically amended rock mineral powde
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Environmentally safe release of plant available potassium and micronutrients from organically amended rock mineral powder B. B. Basak . Binoy Sarkar
. Ravi Naidu
Received: 29 March 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 Ó The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The staggering production of rock dusts and quarry by-products of mining activities poses an immense environmental burden that warrants research for value-added recycling of these rock mineral powders (RMP). In this study, an incubation experiment was conducted to determine potassium (K) and micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) release from a quarry RMP to support plant nutrition. Four different size fractions of the RMP were incubated with organic amendments (cow dung and legume straw) under controlled conditions for 90 days. Samples were collected at different intervals (7, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days) for the analysis of available K and micronutrients in the mineral-OM mixtures and leachates. There was a significant (p \0.05) increase in pH of B. B. Basak (&) ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Anand, Gujarat 387310, India e-mail: [email protected] B. Sarkar (&) Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK e-mail: [email protected] R. Naidu Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia R. Naidu Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, ATC Building, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
leachates from the mineral-OM mixtures. The K release was significantly higher from the finer size fraction of RMP. About 18.7% Zn added as RMP was released during the incubation period. Zn release increased from 4.7 to 23.2% as the particle size of RMP decreased. Similarly, Cu release from RMP increased from 2.9 to 21.6%, with a decrease in the particle size. Fe and Mn recovery from RMP recorded 11.2 and 6.6%, respectively. Combined application of OM and RMP showed significantly higher nutrient release than other treatments. This study indicates that effective blending of RMP with organic amendments could be a potential source of K and micronutrients in agriculture without posing a risk of toxic element contamination to the soil. Keywords Nutrient recycling Rock dust Organic matter Potassium Plant micronutrients Potentially toxic elements
Introduction Limited supply of potassium (K) and micronutrients (e.g., Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn) is the most prevalent constrain for plant growth worldwide, especially in organic agriculture where the nutrient supply to crops is mainly derived from mineralization/decomposition of native and/or introduced organic sources (e.g.,
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Environ Geochem Health
manures and crop residues) and natural weathering of soil minerals (Torma et al. 2018). In conventional agriculture, micronutrients are supplied through commercial fertilizers, which are not permitted in organic agriculture (Codex Alimentarius Commission 2007). The nutrient requi
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