Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of canine kobuviruses in Tangshan, China
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BRIEF REPORT
Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of canine kobuviruses in Tangshan, China Zhaoyang Wang1 · Yajun Jiang1 · Xueting Liu1 · Weidong Lin1 · Qianqian Feng1 · Ting Xin1 · Xiaoyu Guo1 · Shaohua Hou1 · Hongfei Zhu1 · Hong Jia1 Received: 15 February 2020 / Accepted: 4 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Canine kobuviruses (CaKoV) have been found in healthy and diarrheic dogs as well as asymptomatic wild carnivores in various countries. In order to investigate the prevalence and evolution of CaKoV in Tangshan, China, 82 dog fecal samples from pet hospitals in Tangshan were subjected to RT-PCR targeting a segment of the 3D gene of CaKoV. Using this method, we identified CaKoV in 14 samples (17.07%, 14/82). Of the CaKoV-positive samples, 78.57% (11/14) and 50% (7/14) were positive for canine parvovirus and canine coronavirus, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of the 14 strains 96.6%–100% identical to each other and 77.6%–99.2% identical to representative sequences from the NCBI GenBank database. We also amplified the 14 VP1 gene sequences and found that they were 93.3%–99.6% identical to each other and 73.3%–97.8% identical to representative sequences from the NCBI GenBank database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the 14 CaKoV strains from Tangshan are closely related to those identified in China and Thailand and display less similarity to those found in Africa, the United States, and Europe. Our data suggest that CaKoV circulated in young pet dogs in Tangshan and displays a high co-infection rate with CCoV and CPV. However, the relationship between the three viruses and their roles in the host requires further investigation. Keywords Canine kobuvirus · Epidemiology · Phylogenetic analysis · Molecular characterization
Introduction Gastroenteritis is a common cause of hospitalization of dogs, and it primarily affects puppies under 1 year of age [1]. Due to the various causes of gastroenteritis, and particularly because coinfections with different viruses or bacteria are common, it can be challenging for veterinarians to determine the etiological agent causing the disease [2, 3]. Kobuviruses have been shown to be potential gastroenteritis-causing agents in dogs [4]. The genus Kobuvirus family Picornaviridae includes members of the species Aichivirus A-F and two unclassified viruses, according to the International Committee on Handling Editor: Ana Cristina Bratanich. * Hong Jia [email protected] 1
Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) reports [5–8]. Canine kobuvirus (CaKoV) is a member of the species Aichivirus A [9]. The CaKoV genome is 8.1–8.2 kb in length, with a 5′ untranslated region (UTR), an open reading frame (ORF), and a 3′UTR [9]. The ORF is 7,332–7,341 nucleotides (nt) in length and encodes a single polyprotein, which is separated into a leader (L) protein, three structural proteins, and seven non-structural protei
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