Etiology of Peri-Implantitis
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PERI-IMPLANTITIS (I DARBY, SECTION EDITOR)
Etiology of Peri-Implantitis Momen A. Atieh 1,2 & Maanas Shah 1 & Nabeel H. M. Alsabeeha 3 Published online: 24 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Peri-implant diseases represent the biological complications associated with implant therapy. They are defined as inflammatory responses of the peri-implant soft tissues with or without progressive loss of marginal bone. The term peri-implantitis is used when the bone loss extends beyond initial bone remodeling after loading. Knowledge of the etiology and case definitions of peri-implant diseases are used to evaluate the impact of peri-implant diseases on the long-term survival and maintenance of dental implants. The present review summarizes the current knowledge about case definitions and contemporary understanding of the etiopathogenesis of peri-implant diseases. Recent Findings Recent studies have evaluated the instigation of peri-implant mucositis and its natural deterioration to periimplantitis. Animal models, similar to the ones used for showcasing biofilm-induced periodontal disease, have been utilized to understand the inflammatory response of supporting soft and hard tissue around dental implants. In addition, similarities have been drawn regarding the microbial composition around diseased natural teeth and implants. Summary A better insight of the pattern of disease progression and understanding of the host response to the increased inflammatory overload provides a foundation on which future research studies can focus on host-microbial interactions and therapies that could lead to more favorable outcomes in prevention and treatment of peri-implant diseases. Keywords Oral implants . Pathogenesis . Peri-implantitis . Review
Introduction The term peri-implantitis was first appeared in the French literature in 1965 and described as a biofilm associated biological complications [1]. That was well before the term resurfaced again in the seminal work of Mombelli in 1987 where the term periimplantitis was described as a site-specific infectious disease with many features common to periodontitis [2]. Over the past three decades, multiple definitions describing peri-implant diseases appeared in the implant literature with several proposals for This article is part of the Topical Collection on Peri-implantitis * Momen A. Atieh [email protected] 1
Hamadan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
2
Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
3
Prosthetic Section, Ras Al-Khaimah Dental Center, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
treatment strategies of varied extents. The lack of uniformity in defining peri-implant diseases, from a clinical perspective, seems to result from the use of different threshold measures to assess bone loss and the lack of defined follow-up periods among the d
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