Evaluation of Wooden Structures
In order to preserve the architectural heritage and sustainability of cities, the accurate evaluation of the mechanical properties of existing buildings is crucial. While inorganic building materials such as natural stones can be evaluated more easily, it
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Abstract In order to preserve the architectural heritage and sustainability of cities, the accurate evaluation of the mechanical properties of existing buildings is crucial. While inorganic building materials such as natural stones can be evaluated more easily, it is difficult to accurately assess the mechanical properties of wood. Mistaken evaluations of structural wooden members may lead to large-scale replacements in the maintenance and restoration of buildings. The techniques used in the evaluation of wood are; destructive, semi-destructive and non-destructive tests. Although destructive tests give accurate information about the mechanical properties of wood, they are not preferred in the evaluation of the existing structures because they cause the loss of structural integrity. The semi-destructive and non-destructive methods are being widely used for the last decades in the evaluation of structural wooden members. As these techniques do not give harm to the structural members, they allow the in situ evaluation of wooden structures. While semi-destructive tests are carried out with the extraction of a small piece without influencing the mechanical properties of wood, non-destructive techniques are carried out with the help of small devices in order to detect the interior defect and deteriorations. In this study, it is aimed to give information about some of the most used semi-destructive and non-destructive test methods. Keywords Wooden structures · Sustainability · Ecology Non-destructive techniques · Semi-destructive techniques
1 Introduction Timber, which is the only renewable source on earth, has been one of the most used materials in construction from prehistoric times to present. It has been used in building structures, from simple shelters produced by trial and error methods to computerG. Koca (B) Department of Interior Architecture, Faculty of Fine Arts, I¸sık University, Istanbul, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 F. Bianconi and M. Filippucci (eds.), Digital Wood Design, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 24, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03676-8_30
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aided engineering design spatial constructions. The most important reasons in the preference of timber are; it can easily be obtained, it has good strength to weight ratio, it is renewable material well appreciated by the customers and it has fine thermal insulation properties. The use of timber has never disappeared even after a slight decline following the Industrial Revolution, when modern building materials have emerged. Following the Industrial Revolution, which took place in the late 18th century, timber framed building systems were replaced by reinforced concrete and steel building systems. The use of these materials with higher strength properties makes it possible to produce high structures. However, when they are evaluated according to their ecological properties, reinforced concrete and steel are more harmful compared to timber. The embodied energy and carbon emissions during t
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