Evidence from morphological and genetic data confirms that Colossendeis tenera Hilton, 1943 (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida), d
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Evidence from morphological and genetic data confirms that Colossendeis tenera Hilton, 1943 (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida), does not belong to the Colossendeis megalonyx Hoek, 1881 complex Lars Dietz & Franz Krapp & Michel E. Hendrickx & Claudia P. Arango & Kathrin Krabbe & Johanna M. Spaak & Florian Leese
Received: 16 June 2012 / Accepted: 13 December 2012 / Published online: 25 January 2013 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2013
Abstract Within the Pycnogonida, genetic studies have revealed that Colossendeis megalonyx Hoek (Challenger Report, Zoology, 3(X), 1–167, 1881), consists of a complex of several cryptic or overlooked species. Colossendeis megalonyx is a typical Southern Hemisphere species complex distributed primarily on the continental shelves in the Antarctic and Subantarctic. However, a different Colossendeis species with a completely different geographic distribution range, Colossendeis tenera Hilton (Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Pomona College, Claremont, 35(1), 2–4, 1943), was considered a subspecies of Colossendeis megalonyx by Turpaeva Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13127-012-0120-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. L. Dietz : K. Krabbe : J. M. Spaak : F. Leese (*) Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany e-mail: [email protected] F. Krapp Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany M. E. Hendrickx Laboratorio de Invertebrados Bentónicos, Unidad Académica Mazatlan, ICML, UNAM, P.O. Box 811, Mazatlan, Sinaloa 82000, Mexico
(Trudy Instituta Okeanology "P. P. Shirshova", Akademy Nauk SSSR, 103, 230–246, 1975). Colossendeis tenera occurs predominantly along the Pacific Coast of North America from the Bering Sea to central California. Prominent differences between these two currently distinct species are found in body proportions and other characters that were interpreted by Turpaeva as a possible case of pedomorphosis induced by deep-sea conditions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that Colossendeis tenera belongs to the Colossendeis megalonyx complex by analyzing available and novel sequence data (CO1 and H3) of both Colossendeis megalonyx and Colossendeis tenera as well as a similar, apparently closely related species, Colossendeis angusta Sars (Archiv for Mathematik og Naturvidenskab, 2, 237–271, 1877). We compared morphometric data and SEM of the ovigera of these species. Our results clearly indicate that Colossendeis tenera and Colossendeis angusta are not a part of the Colossendeis megalonyx complex. A sister-group relationship of Colossendeis tenera and Colossendeis angusta is strongly supported, but Colossendeis tenera is not clearly resolved as monophyletic with respect to Colossendeis angusta. This work highlights the need for further examination of the variation found in the tenera-angusta clade. It also gives a first hint of the phylogenetic affinities of sp
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