Identification of genetic diversity among Juglans regia L. genotypes using molecular, morphological, and fatty acid data
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Identification of genetic diversity among Juglans regia L. genotypes using molecular, morphological, and fatty acid data Ercan Yildiz . Hasan Pinar . Aydın Uzun . Mehmet Yaman . Ahmet Sumbul . Sezai Ercisli
Received: 25 June 2020 / Accepted: 18 November 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In this study, 40 walnut (Juglans regia L.) samples including international cultivars, national cultivars and local genotypes were analyzed in terms of detailed morphological traits, molecular characteristics, and biochemical (fatty acids) features. The results showed high morphological diversity among the genotypes, and the kernel ratio was found to have major contribution for the principal component analysis (PCA). Molecular results showed that the 19 SRAP primer combinations produced, on average, 171 bands in the accessions examined, of which 156 (90.6%) were polymorphic and DICE’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.49 to 0.94 indicating high genetic diversity. The polymorphism ratio of 11 primers was 100% while the lowest polymorphism was 66.7%. There were no significant differences in terms of correlation coefficient between the similarity matrices of the morphological traits and SRAP (r = 0.03). The main fatty acids of walnut kernel oils were found to be linoleic acid (C18:2) followed by oleic E. Yildiz H. Pinar A. Uzun M. Yaman (&) Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] A. Sumbul Sus¸ ehri Timur Karabal Vocational School, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey S. Ercisli Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
acid (C18:1) and linolenic acid (C18:3). The polyunsaturated fatty acids constitute the main group of fatty acids in walnut kernel oils, and these ratios varied between 85.99–92.19%. It has been determined that the morphological and biochemical data may be insufficient alone in identification of genetic diversity and relativeness in walnut because they should be supported by molecular data. Keywords Juglans regia PCA Fatty acid SRAP Polymorphism
Introduction Fruit species has numerous cultivars, genotypes, accessions etc. that grown mainly in temperate, subtropical and tropical regions. In particular open pollinated and dioecious fruit species has higher genetic diversity. Fruits have also been recognized for their human health benefits because the majority of fruits have high content of non-nutritive, nutritive, and bioactive compounds (Ercisli et al. 2011; Eyduran et al. 2015; Senica et al. 2019). The Juglans genus contains about 20 species, however the most common and cultivated among them is known as Juglans regia L. (Zhao et al. 2017; Demir et al. 2018). In recent year, walnut production has gradually increased both in Turkey and worldwide (Yaman et al. 2017; Orhan et al. 2020). The main
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Genet Resour Crop Evol
reasons is due to increased interest to many health benefits of walnut nuts (50–75%
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