Evolution in Action Case studies in Adaptive Radiation, Speciation a
We have come a long way towards better understanding how new species originate, i.e. speciation, which long remained Darwin’s “mystery of mysteries.” Since speciation is the underlying mechanism for radiations, it is the ultimate causation for the biologi
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Matthias Glaubrecht Editor In cooperation with Harald Schneider
Evolution in Action Case studies in Adaptive Radiation, Speciation and the Origin of Biodiversity Special volume originating from contributions to the Priority Programme SPP 1127 “Radiations: Origins of Biological Diversity” of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Dr. Matthias Glaubrecht Museum fu¨r Naturkunde Berlin Leibnitz Institute for Research in Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Invalidenstraße 43 10115 Berlin Germany [email protected] In cooperation with Dr. Harald Schneider Department of Botany Natural History Museum London
ISBN 978-3-642-12424-2 e-ISBN 978-3-642-12425-9 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-12425-9 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010930166 # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover illustration: Top: Typical mound of termites species (Macrotermes michaelseni) at Kajiado, Kenya (from Marten et al., this volume; photography: Manfred Kaib). Left: Wild tomatoes (Solanum sect. Lycopersicon): S. chilense from the Moquegua population, Peru (from Stephan & Sta¨dler, this volume; photography: Gabriel Clostre). Middle: New and so far undescribed freshwater gastropod species of Tylomelania from Lake Poso on Sulawesi, Indonesia (from Rintelen et al., this volume; photography: Chris Lukhaup). Right: Orchid Ophrys sphegodes with pseudocopulating males of the pollinator Andrena nigroaenea (from Ayasse et al., this volume; photography: Manfred Ayasse). Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface Radiations, or Evolution in Action
We have just celebrated the “Darwin Year” with the double anniversary of his 200th birthday and 150th year of his masterpiece, “On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection”. In this work, Darwin established the factual evidence of biological evolution, that species change over time, and that new organisms arise by the splitting of ancestral forms into two or more descendant species. However, above all, Darwin provided the mechanisms by arguing convincingly that it is by natura
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