Expansion in the latitudinal distribution of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto (Acari: Ixodidae) to southern Chile
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Expansion in the latitudinal distribution of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto (Acari: Ixodidae) to southern Chile Pablo Oyarzún‑Ruiz1,2 · Mario Espinoza‑Carniglia3 · Scarlet Reidembach4 · Pamela Muñoz4 · Lucila Moreno5 Received: 18 July 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a species complex with a challenging diagnosis. There are two main lineages: a temperate lineage—now recognized as R. sanguineus sensu stricto (s.s.)—and a tropical lineage. In the Americas, several studies examined the distribution of both lineages. Meanwhile, in Chile, the distribution of the tropical lineage was reported from 18° to 22° S and R. sanguineus s.s. from 20° to 33° S; the morphological diagnosis located R. sanguineus in south-central Chile. In this study, we assessed the morphological and genetic identity of ticks collected from 47 dogs in southern Chile. Six dogs (12.8%) were parasitized by ticks that were morphologically and genetically assigned to R. sanguineus s.s. This finding would represent the southernmost record of this species in the country, located at over 308 km further south than the previous record, suggesting a latitudinal expansion of its distribution. Experimental studies are further required to understand how this tick survives extreme weather conditions when compared to other R. sanguineus s.s. from lesser latitudes. Keywords Ticks · Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto · Southern Chile · Temperate lineage · Dog
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1049 3-020-00577-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Lucila Moreno [email protected] 1
Laboratorio de Parásitos y Enfermedades en Fauna Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
2
Becario ANID Doctorado en Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción, Vicente Méndez 595, Chillán, Chile
3
Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
4
Laboratorio de Parasitología Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Independencia 631, Valdivia, Chile
5
Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Barrio Universitario, Concepción, Chile
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Experimental and Applied Acarology
Introduction Ticks are a group of parasites that is of increasing interest to researchers given the importance of these parasites from a veterinary and public health point of view (Moraes-Filho et al. 2011; Nava et al. 2012). Ticks act as vectors of several parasites such as helminths, protozoans, bacteria, and viruses, and some can pose zoonotic concerns, such as Coxiella burnetti, Ehrlichia canis, Rickettsia conorii, Rickettsia felis, Rickettsia massiliae, and Rickettsia rickettsii (Dantas-Torres 2010; Dantas-Torres et al. 2010, 2012; Abarca et al. 2013). Ticks hold importance as the
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