Exploring Maternal Patterns of Dietary Caffeine Consumption Before Conception and During Pregnancy
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Exploring Maternal Patterns of Dietary Caffeine Consumption Before Conception and During Pregnancy Lei Chen • Erin M. Bell • Marilyn L. Browne Charlotte M. Druschel • Paul A. Romitti • National Birth Defects Prevention Study
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Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract We describe patterns of dietary caffeine consumption before and after pregnancy recognition in a cohort of women who recently gave birth. This study included 8,347 mothers of non-malformed liveborn control infants who participated in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study during 1997–2007. Maternal self-reported consumption of beverages (caffeinated coffee, tea, and soda) and chocolate the year before pregnancy was used to estimate caffeine intake. The proportions of prepregnancy caffeine consumption stratified by maternal characteristics are reported. In addition, patterns of reported change in consumption before and after pregnancy were examined by
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10995-014-1483-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. L. Chen (&) Global Patient Safety-Pharmacoepidemiology, Eli Lilly and Company, LCC DP 2638, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA e-mail: [email protected] E. M. Bell M. L. Browne C. M. Druschel University at Albany School of Public Health, One University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA M. L. Browne C. M. Druschel Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza-Corning Tower, Room 1619, Albany, NY 12237, USA P. A. Romitti The University of Iowa College of Public Health, 105 River Street, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA National Birth Defects Prevention Study National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
maternal and pregnancy characteristics. Adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated to assess factors most associated with change in consumption. About 97 % of mothers reported any caffeine consumption (average intake of 129.9 mg/day the year before pregnancy) and soda was the primary source of caffeine. The proportion of mothers reporting dietary caffeine intake of more than 300 mg/day was significantly increased among those who smoked cigarettes or drank alcohol. Most mothers stopped or decreased their caffeinated beverage consumption during pregnancy. Young maternal age and unintended pregnancy were associated with increases in consumption during pregnancy. Dietary caffeine consumption during pregnancy is still common in the US. A high level of caffeine intake was associated with known risk factors for adverse reproductive outcomes. Future studies may improve the maternal caffeine exposure assessment by acquiring additional information regarding the timing and amount of change in caffeine consumption after pregnancy recognition. Keywords
Caffeine Coffee Tea Soda Pregnancy
Introduction Coffee, tea, soda, and chocolate are the main sources of caf
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