Exploring the Role of Explicit and Implicit Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion in Anxious and Depressive Symptomatology Fol
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Exploring the Role of Explicit and Implicit Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion in Anxious and Depressive Symptomatology Following Acquired Brain Injury Lorena Desdentado 1,2 Rosa M. Baños 1,3
&
Ausiàs Cebolla 2,3
&
Marta Miragall 2,3
&
Roberto Llorens 4,5
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María D. Navarro 5 &
Accepted: 6 November 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives Acquired brain injury (ABI) can lead to the emergence of several disabilities and is commonly associated with high rates of anxiety and depression symptoms. Self-related constructs, such as self-esteem and self-compassion, might play a key role in this distressing symptomatology. Low explicit (i.e., deliberate) self-esteem is associated with anxiety and depression after ABI. However, implicit (i.e., automatic) self-esteem, explicit-implicit self-discrepancies, and self-compassion could also significantly contribute to this symptomatology. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether implicit self-esteem, explicitimplicit self-discrepancy (size and direction), and self-compassion are related to anxious and depressive symptoms after ABI in adults, beyond the contribution of explicit self-esteem. Methods The sample consisted 38 individuals with ABI who were enrolled in a long-term rehabilitation program. All participants completed the measures of explicit self-esteem, implicit self-esteem, self-compassion, anxiety, and depression. Pearson’s correlations and hierarchical regression models were calculated. Results Findings showed that both self-compassion and implicit self-esteem negatively accounted for unique variance in anxiety and depression when controlling for explicit self-esteem. Neither the size nor direction of explicit-implicit self-discrepancy was significantly associated with anxious or depressive symptomatology. Conclusions The findings suggest that the consideration of self-compassion and implicit self-esteem, in addition to explicit selfesteem, contributes to understanding anxiety and depression following ABI. Keywords Acquired brain injury . Explicit self-esteem . Implicit self-esteem . Self-compassion . Anxious symptomatology . Depressive symptomatology
* Lorena Desdentado [email protected] 1
Polibienestar Research Institute, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
2
Department of Personality, Evaluation, and Psychological Treatments, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
3
CIBER of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
4
Neurorehabilitation and Brain Research Group, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
5
NEURORHB. Servicio de Neurorrehabilitación de Hospitales Vithas, Valencia, Spain
Acquired brain injury (ABI) is an umbrella term used to refer to any damage to the brain that occurs after birth and is not related to a congenital or degenerative disease, with impairments that may be temporary or permanent and cause partial or functional disability and/or psychoso
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