Fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane/polycaprolactone blends for three-dimension p
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Fabrication of cellulose nanocrystal reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane/polycaprolactone blends for three-dimension printing self-healing nanocomposites Hongjie Bi . Zechun Ren . Gaoyuan Ye . Hao Sun . Rui Guo . Xin Jia . Min Xu
Received: 26 November 2019 / Accepted: 30 June 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract In this study, a polymer blend consisting of thermoplastic polyurethane and polycaprolactone, which was used as the self-healing matrix, was prepared via a solution casting method. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were then incorporated to enhance the interfacial compatibility of the multimaterial and maintain its self-healing ability via the three-dimension printing method. The effects of the CNCs on the chemical structure, mechanical, and thermal properties of the polymer composites were investigated. The results show that the composites with CNCs exhibit excellent tensile and thermal properties, and a high interfacial compatibility. Specifically, the blend containing 1% of CNCs
possesses excellent mechanical properties, as its tensile strength of 31 MPa and elongation at break of 1600% show. Further analyses on the reinforced mechanism of such mixture were carried out by using molecular dynamics simulations. The CNC-reinforced composites maintain their good self-healing properties and function for a minimum of three cycles. Their superior thermal stability, mechanical, and self-healing properties, as well as the low cost of the raw materials, and the simple manufacturing process make these blends ideal for surface protection coatings, sensors, and healthcare materials applications.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-020-03328-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. H. Bi Z. Ren G. Ye H. Sun R. Guo X. Jia M. Xu (&) Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China e-mail: [email protected]
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Cellulose
Graphic abstract
Keywords Cellulose nanocrystals Reinforced Three-dimension printing Self-healing
Introduction Self-healing polymers are a promising smart material due to their ability to automatically repair themselves after a physical damage by sensing and responding to the changes in their external environment (Kim et al. 2018; Xu et al. 2018; Zhang and Zhao 2013). Moreover, these compounds exhibit an extended lifetime and low maintenance costs (Kim et al. 2018; Kuang et al. 2018; Lu et al. 2018; Zhang and Zhao 2013). During the self-healing process, the polymer linear chain diffuses and rearranges itself in the damaged sections (Lu et al. 2018). Current studies focus on self-healing polymers that work at low healing temperatures and that use an intrinsic healing agent. Moreover, the studies on mellow gel-polymers have been replaced with the ones on strong elastomers to broaden
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