Facile Preparation and Tribological Properties of Water-Based Naphthalene Dicarboxylate Ionic Liquid Lubricating Additiv
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Facile Preparation and Tribological Properties of Water‑Based Naphthalene Dicarboxylate Ionic Liquid Lubricating Additives Desuo Yang1 · Xin Du1 · Wenqian Li1 · Yunyan Han1 · Lin Ma1 · Mingjin Fan1 · Feng Zhou2 · Weimin Liu2 Received: 29 October 2019 / Accepted: 1 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Taking 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (1,4-ND), 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (2,3-ND) and tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide (N4444OH), tetrabutyl phosphonium hydroxide (P4444OH) as raw materials, water-based lubricant additives tetrabutyl ammonium 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylate (1,4-NDN4444), tetrabutyl phosphonium 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylate (1,4NDP4444), tetrabutyl ammonium 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylate (2,3-NDN4444), and tetrabutyl phosphonium 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylate (2,3-NDP4444) were prepared in aqueous solution. The additives are not only simple to prepare, but also have good solubility in water. More importantly, they can significantly improve the friction reducing and anti-wear performances of water. On account of the mechanism analysis, it is estimated that the introduction of aromatic ring and more carboxyl groups to the additives play an important role for them to form stable lubrication protective films during the friction process and then to achieve excellent lubrication performance on steel/steel, copper/steel, and aluminum/steel friction pairs. Remarkably, the performances of 2,3-NDN4444 and 2,3-NDP4444 are superior to those of 1,4-NDN4444 and 1,4-NDP4444, which is ascribed to their stronger adsorption on the metal surfaces contributed by the two adsorption targets (two –COO− groups). For 1,4NDN4444 and 1,4-NDP4444, there is only one –COO− group that can be simultaneously adsorbed on the metal surfaces from the perspective of space configuration. It weakens the adsorption and decreases the effectiveness of the lubrication protective films resulting in the reduced friction reducing and anti-wear properties of 1,4-NDN4444 and 1,4-NDP4444. Graphical Abstract Water-based lubricant additives tetrabutyl ammonium 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylate (1,4-NDN 4444), tetrabutyl phosphonium 1,4-naphthalene dicarboxylate (1,4-NDP4444), tetrabutyl ammonium 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylate (2,3-NDN4444) and tetrabutyl phosphonium 2,3-naphthalene dicarboxylate (2,3-NDP4444) were prepared in aqueous solution. The additives are not only simple to prepare, but also have good solubility in water. More importantly, they can significantly improve the friction reducing and anti-wear performances of water. Evolution of the friction coefficients (a) and wear volume losses (b) for different samples on steel/steel friction pairs.
Keywords Additive · Water-based lubricant · Naphthalene dicarboxylate · Tribological property Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Tribology Letters
1 Introduction
2 Experimental Section
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection and
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