Fatigue in hydrazone-based xerographic photoreceptors: Effect of ultraviolet irradiation
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Fatigue in hydrazone-based xerographic photoreceptors: Effect of ultraviolet irradiation C. K. H. Wong, Y. C. Chan, J. Pfleger,a) and Y. W. Lam Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
K. M. Leung and D. S. Chiu Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong (Received 4 January 1996; accepted 1 October 1996)
The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the xerographic sensitometry of organic photoreceptors was studied. Absorbed ultraviolet light decreased both the dark decay and the photoinduced discharge rates, and an increased buildup of the residual potential was observed. Above a threshold dose of ultraviolet irradiation, the residual potential was seen to decrease, and at the same time a slight increase of the hardness of the photoreceptor surface was detected. These behaviors originate from a decrease in the density of charge transport sites which is caused by the photochemical changes in the charge transport layer system.
I. INTRODUCTION
Laser printers have found broad applications during the last few years. They have spread widely in offices, resulting in a tremendous increase in the volume of the laser printer market. Recent research and development have been directed to reducing the cost for large scale production. One of the most important and performance limiting components of laser printers is undoubtedly the xerographic photoreceptor whose reliability and durability are now under intensive investigation. The photoreceptor (schematically shown in Fig. 1) is usually fabricated as a multilayered film on a conductive metallic substrate, and it is entirely made from organic materials. In this system the innermost charge the photogeneration layer (CGL) absorbs a photon and produces the charge which is subsequently injected into an upper charge transporting layer (CTL). The CTL has to accept the photogenerated charge and transport it to the surface, neutralizing the surface charge and creating a latent image. The photoreceptor undergoes performance deterioration —often called fatigue—during the cycling by xerographic process and even during an exposure to ambient conditions.1,2 The CGL is relatively stable, being fabricated usually from phthalocyanines, one of the most stable known organic materials, and being
a)
On leave from Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Heyrovsky Sq. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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http://journals.cambridge.org
J. Mater. Res., Vol. 12, No. 1, Jan 1997
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FIG. 1. Schematic view of the cross section of the photoreceptor: Al, aluminum substrate; BL, blocking layer (thickness , 0.1 mm); CGL, charge photogeneration layer (thickness , 1 mm); and CTM, charge transport layer (thickness 20 mm).
protected by the upper CTL layer. On the other hand, the CTL is much more exposed to ambient factors, and it can undergo irreversible changes of two ma
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