Features of Optical Activity in Inorganic and Organic Materials
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Features of Optical Activity in Inorganic and Organic Materials T. G. Golovinaa,*, A. F. Konstantinovaa, and V. I. Timofeeva,b a Shubnikov
Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics,” Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333 Russia b National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow, 123182 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received April 20, 2020; revised April 20, 2020; accepted April 30, 2020
Abstract—The possibilities of manifestation of optical activity in different media (photonic crystals, metamaterials, and liquid crystals) are considered. Some interesting examples of optically active crystals are demonstrated; particular attention is paid to the relationship between the optical activity and crystal structure. Examples of manifestation of optical activity in the X-ray spectral region are presented. Specific features of the optical activity of natural organic compounds, which are related to the asymmetry of their molecules, are analyzed. DOI: 10.1134/S1063774520050077
5.2. Optical Activity of Amino Acids 5.3. Optical Activity of Proteins 5.4. Optical Activity in Medicine
CONTENTS Introduction 1. Photonic Crystals 1.1. Gyrotropic Photonic Crystals 2. Metamaterials 2.1. Planar Metal Structures 2.2. Arrays of Chiral Nanostructures in Silver Film 2.3. Helix-Based Metamaterials 3. Liquid Crystals 3.1. Cholesteric Liquid Crystals 3.2. Circular Dichroism in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals 3.3. Cholesteric Liquid Crystals with Defect Layer 4. Some Features of Manifestation of Optical Activity in Different Crystals 4.1. Calculation of Optical Activity from Structural Data on Crystals Belonging to Langasite and Paratellurite Families 4.2. Optical Activity of Crystal with Isotropic Point 4.3. Optical Activity of Non-Enantiomorphic Crystals of Classes 4 and 42m 4.4. Optical Filters Based on Gyrotropic Crystals 4.5. Optical Activity of Crystals in the X-Ray Spectral Region 4.5.1. X-Ray Natural Circular Dichroism in CsCuCl3 and CuB2O4 Crystals 4.5.2. X-Ray Natural Circular Dichroism in La3Ga5SiO14 Crystal 5. Optical Activity of Organic Compounds 5.1. Optical Activity of Organic Molecules
INTRODUCTION Optical activity is the ability of a medium to rotate the plane of polarization of light passing through it; this phenomenon was discovered in 1811. The optical activity of pure liquids, solutions, and vapors of some organic compounds was found in 1815. It was shown that the rotation of the plane of polarization occurs either clockwise or counterclockwise (right- and lefthanded materials, respectively). The materials having both left- and right-handed modifications are referred to as chiral or enantiomorphic (the values of optical rotation for both modifications differ only in sign). There are two types of optical activity: natural and artificial. Artificial optical activity is exhibited, for example, by optically inactive materials placed in a magnetic field (Faraday effect). There are also several types of natural optical activity. The optical activity of in
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