The Organic/Inorganic Interface in Micro and Nano Composite Materials
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The Organic/Inorganic Interface in Micro and Nano Composite Materials
Zhexiong Tang, Hui Wan, Robert Clark, Sze C. Yang University of Rhode Island, Kingston RI John Sinko Wayne Pigment Corporation, Milwaukee, WI ABSTRACT We report the synthesis of new inorganic/organic composite particles with a core/shell structure. The core component is an inorganic oxide (e.g. TiO2, CeO2 or MoO3), and the shell component is a double-strand polyaniline. Three methods for material synthesis were examined. The electrochemical properties of one type of the composite particles show electronic interaction between the organic conducting polymer shell and its inorganic core. The double-strand polyaniline in the composite shows better pH stability of the conductive form than that of the corresponding single-strand polyaniline in a similar core/shell composite.
INTRODUCTION Organic thin film electronic and optical devices have been studied for the applications as photovoltaic devices, electrochromic display, thin film transistor, chemical sensor, and organic light emitting diodes. These devices invariably contain an organic / inorganic interface. Frequently, the device performance is dependent on this interface. Nano inorganic particles coated with an organic shell are interesting for both the increased interfacial area per volume and the novel particle size effects. For example, dye molecules coated nano TiO2 particles have been demonstrated as potential high-efficiency solar cells [1]. In this type of dye-sensitized solar cells, both the increased interfacial area and the size effect for the nano particle/electrolyte interface [2] contribute to the efficiency for the photovoltaic effect. The advantage of nano inorganic/organic composite was also demonstrated in the fast switching electrochromic devices [3, 4, 5]. The redox chromophore adsorbed on the nano semiconductor oxide provides much faster color switching time than the conventional electrochromic devices. A natural extension to the dye coated inorganic particles is the π-conjugated polymer coated inorganic particles. Examples of the π-conjugated polymers include polyaniline (PAN), polypyrrole (Ppy), polythiophene (PT) and poly(p-phenylenevinylene) These polymers, when doped, are organic semiconductors with electronic conductivity. In this paper, we report the synthesis of organic / inorganic composite particles with a core / shell structure. The organic shell of the composite is polyaniline and the inorganic core material includes TiO2, CeO2, and MoO3. Both the nanometer size and the micrometer size composite particles were prepared for their potential as fast switching electrochromic material [3] and as novel anticorrosion pigments [6]. The organic component of the composite material is a polymeric complex of polyaniline. Instead of using the conventional single-strand polyaniline, we use a double-strand polyaniline (Figure 1) as the organic component of the composite particle. The double-strand polyaniline are advantageous comparing with the single-strand polyaniline be
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