Food insecurity is associated with lower adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern among Lebanese adolescents: a cr
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Food insecurity is associated with lower adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern among Lebanese adolescents: a cross‑sectional national study Lamis Jomaa1 · Farah Naja1 · Leila Itani2 · Samer Kharroubi1 · Marwa Diab El Harake1 · Nahla Hwalla1 Received: 10 May 2019 / Accepted: 17 December 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose To derive dietary patterns (DPs) of Lebanese adolescents (10–18 years) and evaluate associations between identified DPs and household food insecurity (HFI). Methods Data on adolescents (n = 693) were drawn from a national survey conducted in 2015 on a representative sample of Lebanese households with children. In addition to a sociodemographic questionnaire, data collection included the validated Arabic-version of the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale, used to evaluate HFI. Dietary intake was assessed using a 187-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Associations between HFI scores and DPs were examined using multiple linear regressions. Results HFI was observed in 55.2% of the study sample. Two DPs were derived among adolescents: Western and LebaneseMediterranean (LM). The Western DP was characterized by higher consumption of sweetened beverages, fast foods, sweets, and refined grains, whereas the LM DP was characterized by higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and whole grains. Scores of the Western DP were negatively associated with fiber, calcium, iron, and vitamins A and D, while the LM DP scores were positively correlated with fiber, proteins, iron, calcium, and vitamins A and D (p
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