Functional Nanostructures Processing, Characterization, and Applicat
Nanocrystalline materials exhibit outstanding structural and mechanical properties. However, future progress in this emerging field is critically dependent upon the development of new methods of understanding and analyzing the underlying nanoscale and int
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Nanostructure Science and Technology Series Editor: David 1. Lockwood, FRSC
National Research Council of Canada Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Currentvolumes in this series:
Functional Nanostructures: Processing, Characterization, and Applications Edited by Sudipta Seal Nanotechnology in Catalysis, Volume 3 Edited by Bing Zhou, Scott Han, Robert Raja, and Gabor A. Somorjai Controlled Synthesis of Nanoparticles in Microheterogeneous Systems Vincenzo Turco Liveri Nanoscale Assembly Techniques Edited by Wilhelm T.S. Huck Ordered Porous Nanostructures and Applications Edited by Ralf B. Wehrspohn SurfaceEffects in Magnetic Nanoparticles Dino Fiorani Alternative Lithography: Unleashing the Potentials of Nanotechnology Edited by Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres Interfacial Nanochemistry: Molecular Scienceand Engineering at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces Edited by Hitoshi Watarai Nanoparticles: Building Blocks for Nanotechnology Edited by Vincent Rotello Nanostructured Catalysts Edited by Susannah L. Scott, Cathleen M. Crudden, and Christopher W. Jones Self-Assembled Nanostructures lin Z. Zhang, Zhong-lin Wang, Jun Liu, Shaowei Chen, and Gang-yu Liu Semiconductor Nanocrystals: From Basic Principles to Applications Edited by Alexander L. Efros, David J. Lockwood, and Leonid Tsybeskov
Sudipta Seal Editor
Functional Nanostructures Processing, Characterization, and Applications
~ Springer
Editor SudiptaSeal Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center University of Central Florida 4000 Central Florida Blvd. Orlando. Florida32816-2455
ISBN: 978-0-387-35463-7
e-ISBN: 978-0-387-48805-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2007943481 (()2008 Springer Science--Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science-l-Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis . Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper.
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To my wifeShantaand daughter Anouska My parents: father Prof. Bijoy and mother Mary My brotherand his wife: Pradipta and Gayatri My in-laws: Subroto and Alokanda
Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xiii
1. Advanced Ceramics and Nanocomposites of
Half-metallic Ferromagnetic CrOz for Magnetic, GMR and Optical Sensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
S. Ram, S. Biswas, and H. I-Fecht 1. Introduction 1.1. Definition of Half-metals and Half-metallic Compounds
