Gene expressing analysis indicates the role of Pyrogallol as a novel antibiofilm and antivirulence agent against Acineto
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Gene expressing analysis indicates the role of Pyrogallol as a novel antibiofilm and antivirulence agent against Acinetobacter baumannii Gurusamy Abirami1 · Ravindran Durgadevi1 · Palanivel Velmurugan1 · Arumugam Veera Ravi1 Received: 22 June 2020 / Revised: 14 August 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged worldwide as a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. Although A. baumannii was initially regarded to as a low-grade pathogen, evidence has been accumulated suggesting that A. baumannii infections are associated with increased mortality in critically ill patients. Here, we describe the efficacy of pyrogallol, a polyphenolic organic compound found in the galls and barks of various trees, which shows anti-biofilm and anti-virulence potential against A. baumannii. Pyrogallol shows concentration-based biofilm inhibition, as evidenced through light and confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis. The other virulence factors are protease, swarming motility, and extracellular polymeric substances that are also inhibited by pyrogallol. Through real-time PCR, it was found that pyrogallol downregulates expression of the biofilm and virulence-related ompA, bap, csuA/B, katE, pgaA, and pgaC genes. Furthermore, pyrogallol moderately inhibited the mature biofilms of A. baumannii in a concentration-dependent manner (5, 10, and 20 µg/ml). The present study reports that the anti-biofilm and anti-virulence potential of pyrogallol disrupts the biofilm formation, adherence of cells, and cell-to-cell signaling mechanism of A. baumannii. Thus, pyrogallol is a promising therapeutic agent for A. baumannii-related infections. Keywords Pyrogallol · Anti-biofilm · Anti-virulence · Acinetobacter baumannii
Introduction In the hospital environments, the Acinetobacter baumannii pathogen causes nosocomial infections, often in combination with Coccobacilli. This pathogen will habitually affect the patients of intensive care units. A. baumannii is associated with nosocomial infections, such as wound infections, urinary tract infections, skin, pneumonia, meningitis, septicaemia, and endocarditis (Saipriya et al. 2020). A. baumannii is a multi-drug-resistant pathogen, with resistance to polymyxin, tigecycline, penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, and is associated with hospital-acquired infections Communicated by Erko stackebrandt. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-02026-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Arumugam Veera Ravi [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Science Campus, Karaikudi, Tamilnadu 630003, India
(Saipriya et al. 2020 and Beganovic et al. 2019). It is difficult to destroy the biofilms formed by A. baumannii in biotic and abiotic environments (Beganovic et al. 2019). The formation of biofilms involves three phases: adhesion, maturation,
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