Genetic mapping of male sterility and pollen fertility QTLs in triticale with sterilizing Triticum timopheevii cytoplasm
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PLANT GENETICS • ORIGINAL PAPER
Genetic mapping of male sterility and pollen fertility QTLs in triticale with sterilizing Triticum timopheevii cytoplasm Marzena Wasiak 1 & Agnieszka Niedziela 1 & Henryk Woś 2 & Mirosław Pojmaj 3 & Piotr Tomasz Bednarek 1 Received: 20 April 2020 / Revised: 27 October 2020 / Accepted: 5 November 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) phenomenon is widely exploited in commercial hybrid seed production in economically important crop species, including rye, wheat, maize, rice, sorghum, cotton, sugar beets, and many vegetables. Although some commercial successes, little is known about QTLs responsible for the trait in case of triticale with sterilizing Triticum timopheevii (Tt) cytoplasm. Recombinant inbred line (RIL) F6 mapping population encompassing 182 individuals derived from the cross of individual plants representing the HT352 line and cv Borwo was employed for genetic map construction using SNP markers and identification of QTLs conferring pollen sterility in triticale with CMS Tt. The phenotypes of the F1 lines resulting from crossing of the HT352 (Tt) with HT352 (maintainer) × Borwo were determined by assessing the number of the F2 seeds per spike. A genetic map with 21 linkage groups encompasses 29,737 markers and spanned over the distance of 2549 cM. Composite (CIM) and multiple (MIM) interval mappings delivered comparable results. Single QTLs mapped to the 1A, 1B, 2A, 2R, 3B, 3R, 4B, and 5B chromosomes, whereas the 5R and 6B chromosomes shared 3 and 2 QTLs, respectively. The QTLs with the highest LOD score mapped to the 5R, 3R, 1B, and 4B chromosomes; however, the QRft-5R.3 has the highest explained variance of the trait. Keywords Triticale . Genetic map . Cytoplasmic male sterility . QTL
Introduction Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) is a relatively young synthetic species created by hybridization of wheat and rye nearly 150 years ago (Wilson 1875), but it took 100 years until the first variety was released (Kiss 1971). The evolution of triticale as a commercial crop was slow until the mid-1980s. Since that time, the production in world area is increasing from 91 ha (1980) to 4.2 million ha (2018) (FAOSTAT 2018). The species combines Key message Identifying QTLs of male sterility and pollen fertility on a map derived from advanced plant materials created especially for this research. Communicated by: Izabela Pawłowicz * Piotr Tomasz Bednarek [email protected] 1
Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute – NRI, 05-870 Radzikow, Błonie, Poland
2
Breeding Department Borowo, Plant Breeding Company-Strzelce, Czempin, Poland
3
Breeding Department Laski, Danko Plant Breeding Company-Choryń, Laski, Poland
grain quality and productivity typical for wheat with vigour, hardiness, disease resistance and high lysine content specific for rye (Myer and Barnett 2000). The vigorous root system and tolerance to abiotic stresses arising from rye (Niedziela et al. 2014) allow it to grow on sandy soils with low fertility. Triticale is mainly used
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