Genetic structure of three Sorbus latifolia (Lam.) Pers. taxa endemic to northern Bavaria
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Genetic structure of three Sorbus latifolia (Lam.) Pers. taxa endemic to northern Bavaria Martin Feulner • Sigrid Liede-Schumann Ulrich Meve • Alfons Weig • Gregor Aas
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Received: 16 July 2012 / Accepted: 25 February 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Wien 2013
Abstract The Franconian Alb (Bavaria, Germany) is rich in endemic Sorbus taxa, considered as apomictic microspecies and derived by hybridization between Sorbus aria aggregate and Sorbus torminalis (Sorbus latifolia aggregate). Molecular studies using the AFLP technique, neighbour joining, Bayesian clustering, principal coordinate analysis (PCo) and voucher studies were used to investigate genetic structure and origin of adult plants and cultivated offspring of three endemic S. latifolia taxa, namely Sorbus cordigastensis, Sorbus franconica and Sorbus adeana and probable parental species from the S. aria agg. and S. torminalis. The S. latifolia taxa, adults and progeny, showed low genetic variability and a more or less clonal structure, confirming an apomictic mode of reproduction. The investigated S. latifolia taxa were remarkably different Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00606-013-0778-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. Feulner (&) S. Liede-Schumann U. Meve Department of Plant Systematics, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany e-mail: [email protected] S. Liede-Schumann e-mail: [email protected] U. Meve e-mail: [email protected] A. Weig DNA analytics and Ecoinformatics, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany e-mail: [email protected] G. Aas Ecological-Botanical garden, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany e-mail: [email protected]
among each other, confirming their status as microspecies. The AFLP data confirmed the hybrid origin of the S. latifolia taxa, they were 1.3–1.5 times more closely related to S. aria agg. than to S. torminalis. The S. aria agg. showed a complicate genetic structure and fell into four main groups, two intermediate groups besides Sorbus pannonica and Sorbus aria sensu stricto (S. aria s.str.). Some progeny of S. pannonica was more variable than expected and clustered partly with other groups indicating gene flow within S. aria agg. Different subgroups of the S. aria aggregate may be parental for the S. latifolia taxa, contributing to the remarkable genetic distances between them. Keywords Sorbus Northern Bavaria Genetic structure Parental species identification AFLP
Introduction In Central Europe, the genus Sorbus L. (Rosaceae) includes several widespread, diploid (2n = 34; Liljefors 1955; Du¨ll 1959) and sexually reproducing species, namely Sorbus aria (L.) Crantz, Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz, and Sorbus aucuparia L. Spontaneously sexually reproducing and out-crossing hybrids can be found between S. aria and S. torminalis and between S. aria and S. aucuparia; however, these hybrids are rare (comp. Aas et al. 1994; Meyer et al. 2005). Besides such unstable hybrids [i.e. Sor
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