Ginkgo biloba L. extract enhances the effectiveness of syngeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in lowering blood gl
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Ginkgo biloba L. extract enhances the effectiveness of syngeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in lowering blood glucose levels and reversing oxidative stress Ming Ren • Shujuan Yang • Jianhui Li Yulin Hu • Zhixing Ren • Shuping Ren
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Received: 21 May 2012 / Accepted: 5 July 2012 / Published online: 20 July 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
Abstract Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are potential therapy for diabetes. Owing to the oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia, these transplanted BMSCs are with high rate of apoptotic death after transplantation. Ginkgo biloba L. extract (EGB) is a potent antioxidant which can remove free radicals. The study was to investigate whether EGB can protect BMSCs from oxidative stress in vitro and enhance the efficacy of BMSCs in lowering blood glucose levels after transplantation. BMSCs were cultured with H2O2, EGB, or H2O2 and EGB. Cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and cell death rates were determined. Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in male Wistar rats. Diabetic rats received EGB, BMSCs, or EGB/BMSCs. The serum levels of glucose, insulin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), MDA, SOD, and GSH-Px were determined. PKCa expression and NF-jB activation in kidney were determined. The MDA levels and cell death rates in BMSCs cultured with H2O2 and EGB were significantly lower; cell viability, SOD, and GSH-Px activities were significantly higher compared with those with H2O2 alone. Compared with diabetic rats receiving BMSCs, diabetic rats receiving EGB before BMSCs transplantation showed (1)
Ming Ren and Shujuan Yang contributed equally to this study. M. Ren S. Yang J. Li Z. Ren S. Ren (&) Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Jilin University, 1163 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China e-mail: [email protected] Y. Hu Department of Liver, Gallbladder and Pancreas, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
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significantly lower levels of blood glucose, serum MDA, IL-6, and TNF-a, and higher levels of insulin, SOD, and GSH-Px activities; (2) significantly lower PKCa expression and NF-jB activation in the kidney. EGB administration before BMSC transplantation can enhance the effectiveness of BMSCs in lowering blood glucose levels and reversing oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Keywords Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Ginkgo biloba L. extract Diabetes mellitus Antioxidant Oxidative stress
Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a health threat and produces impact on about 230 million people’s health worldwide [1]. The prevalence of diabetes is estimated to about 350 million by 2025 [1, 2]. Diabetic hyperglycemia induces chronic pathological changes in vessels, gradually resulting in various complications such as renal dysfunction and even failure, stroke, and retinopathy. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) is a potential therapy for diabetes [2–5]. Howev
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