Groundwater and Subsurface Environments Human Impacts in Asian Coast
Excessive groundwater pumping, groundwater contamination, and subsurface thermal anomalies have occurred frequently in Asian coastal cities, greatly disturbing the urban aquifer and the subsurface environment. In this volume, the relationship between the
- PDF / 21,486,955 Bytes
- 317 Pages / 439.37 x 666.142 pts Page_size
- 91 Downloads / 187 Views
Makoto Taniguchi Editor
Groundwater and Subsurface Environments Human Impacts in Asian Coastal Cities
Editor Makoto Taniguchi, D.Sc Professor Research Institute for Humanity and Nature 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047 Japan [email protected]
ISBN 978-4-431-53903-2 e-ISBN 978-4-431-53904-9 DOI 10.1007/978-4-431-53904-9 Springer Tokyo Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011920371 © Springer 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Land subsidence due to excessive groundwater pumping, groundwater contamination, and subsurface thermal anomaly have occurred frequently in Asian coastal cities. In this volume, the relationship between the stage of a city’s development and subsurface environment issues have been explored and go beyond the boundaries between surface/subsurface and land/ocean in Asian coastal cities. The results presented are the outcome of a study undertaken by the Research Institute for Humanity and Nature (RIHN) titled “Human impacts on urban subsurface environment” (project leader: Makoto Taniguchi). Included in this work are several advanced methods that were developed by RIHN and used to evaluate subsurface environmental problems. Numerical modeling of the subsurface environment was established for Tokyo, Osaka, Bangkok, and Jakarta to evaluate the groundwater recharge rate/area, residence time, and exchange of fresh/salt water. Using updated satellite GRACE data, we have succeeded in revealing not only seasonal variations but also a secular trend in the water mass variations in the Chao Phraya River Basin. We have also developed groundwater aging methods using CFCs and 85Kr. The groundwater flow system in the urban aquifer has been highly disturbed by human pumping. A dominant vertical downward flux was revealed in the urban area using CFCs and 14C. The 3-D groundwater simulation (MODFLOW) showed a spatial change in the groundwater recharge area, the major recharge area of the pumped aquifer. This spatial change in the groundwater potential was strongly affected by regional groundwater pumping regulations, and the success or failure of such regulations depended mostly on the availability of alternative water resources for the city area and the legal aspects of groundwater resources. Accumulations of trace metals in the sediment and dissolved nitrogen in groundwater in Asian cities are also discussed in this book. Vario
