Groundwater Management
This chapter discusses the groundwater development and problems, management instruments, and institutions in China. China is facing critical groundwater problems, including overdraft, declining water levels, and water quality degradation, resulting in lan
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Groundwater Management
Abstract This chapter discusses the groundwater development and problems, management instruments, and institutions in China. China is facing critical groundwater problems, including overdraft, declining water levels, and water quality degradation, resulting in land subsidence and seawater intrusion. At the same time, the current scattered groundwater management system, mainly consisting of development and protection planning, groundwater function zones, FDZs and RDZs, water resources justification reports for construction projects, water abstraction permitting, planned water use and water resources fees, cannot provide an effective and efficient solution. The lack of integrated systems, coordinated management institutions, quality management arrangements, institutional capacity, and coordinated relationships all worsen the current groundwater problems. Thus, China should urgently adopt the aquifermanagement concept, develop a comprehensive groundwater management system, reorganize current groundwater-related management systems, reform abstraction permitting, develop a groundwater quality management system, and build the capacity of its managers. Keywords Groundwater management · FDZ and RDZ · Scattered management system · Aquifer management With stable yields, better water quality, and proximity to use locations, groundwater is widely developed worldwide. It differs from surface water because of the contrasting physical and chemical environment (GWMATE 2006). The sustainable management of groundwater resources has become a global issue. In most countries, groundwater is a very important water source, and it has been extensively exploited in areas with water shortages, such as India and Pakistan. However, severe water and environmental problems are a very common consequence of overdrafting such groundwater resources. Moreover, considering the uncertain consequences of development, strong restrictions are applied in some countries, such as in the Great Artesian Basin in Australia (Queensland Government 2006). The chapter is based on Shen, D. ( 2015) Groundwater management in China. Water policy, 17(1): 61–82. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 D. Shen, Water Resources Management of the People’s Republic of China, Global Issues in Water Policy 26, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61931-2_8
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8 Groundwater Management
China is a country with serious water shortages. Groundwater, particularly in northern China, is a highly important source for guaranteeing drinking water supply and facilitating social and economic development and ecological protection. In recent decades, groundwater has provided about 20% of China’s water supply (MWR 1998– 2018). With increasing demand on exploration, managing groundwater is becoming a critical issue in China, which has undertaken great efforts to develop a sound groundwater resources management system.
8.1 Groundwater Resources and Development in China 8.1.1 Groundwater Resources Regardless of assessment t
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