Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) cultur
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Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) cultured under fluorescent light and different LED light Jingyu Gong 1 & Zhiwei Liu 1 & Dinghui Zou 1,2 Received: 19 December 2019 / Revised and accepted: 5 May 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The effects of fluorescent light and different light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with white, red, green, and blue light on two macroalgal species, Gracilaria lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta) and Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta), have been investigated via the measurements of growth rates, photosynthesis, and biochemical contents of pigments (i.e., chlorophyll a, carotenoids, and phycobilin) and soluble protein. In the two species, white LEDs showed similar effects to fluorescent lamps on the relative growth rates (RGRs) and gross maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax). In addition, green LEDs contributed to the highest RGRs and Pmax in G. lemaneiformis. Interestingly, when compared with fluorescent lamps, green LEDs resulted in a significantly higher Pmax in U. lactuca. Furthermore, blue LEDs contributed to the highest RGRs of U. lactuca, while the red LEDs led to the lowest RGRs of U. lactuca. Overall, our study suggests that LEDs are alternative monochromatic light sources to fluorescent lamps in G. lemaneiformis and U. lactuca cultivation. Keywords Gracilaria lemaneiformis . Ulva lactuca . Fluorescent light . LEDs . Growth . Light quality . Photosynthesis
Introduction Light is one of the most important environmental factors that regulate many physiological processes in plants and algae. Nowadays, with the development of agriculture technology, artificial light sources have been used to substitute or supplement natural light to meet the needs of plant growth and development (Darko et al. 2014). Fluorescent lamps have a wide band of wavelengths (350 nm–750 nm), which causes power waste and excessive temperature and further leads to photostress or damage to plants. Therefore, the application of fluorescent lamps has been restrained in plant culture (Dutta Gupta and Jatothu 2013). In recent years, semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been deemed as a promising lighting source for plant growth (Crawford 2009; Dayani et al. 2016), benefiting from their effective and controllable * Dinghui Zou [email protected] 1
School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
2
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
emission of narrowband monochromatic light in different intensity or spectrum (Yeh and Chung 2009). LEDs have many advantages over traditional lamps. For example, a previous paper has revealed that the energy consumption of LED devices is half that of fluorescent lamps (Khan and Abas 2011). Moreover, when compared with traditional fluorescent lamps or halogen, LED devices have lower dissipation and longer working life (Chen et al. 2011). Numerous studies have been repo
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