Handbook of Trace Analysis Fundamentals and Applications

This handbook is unique in its comprehensive coverage of the subject and focus on practical applications in diverse fields. It includes methods for sample preparation, the role of certified reference materials, calibration methods and statistical evaluati

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Handbook of Trace Analysis Fundamentals and Applications

Handbook of Trace Analysis

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Irena Baranowska Editor

Handbook of Trace Analysis Fundamentals and Applications

With contributions by M. Balcerzak  I. Baranowska  B. Buszewski  R.S. Dybczyn´ski  A. Hulanicki  M. Jarosz  M. Kała  R. Kaliszan  P. Konieczka  P. Kos´cielniak  H. Matusiewicz  I. Rykowska  B. Skwarzec  M. Stawny  P. Szefer  J. Zie˛ba-Palus  W. Z˙yrnicki

Editor Irena Baranowska Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry & Electrochemistry Silesian University of Technology Gliwice, Poland

Based on Polish version: Analiza sladowa - Zastosowania, ISBN 978-83-934442-4-3, First edition, by Publishing House MALAMUT, © by Wydawnictwo MALAMUT, Warszawa 2013. All rights reserved © Springer International Publishing 2015. ISBN 978-3-319-19613-8 ISBN 978-3-319-19614-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-19614-5

(eBook)

Library of Congress Control Number: 2015947126 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Contents

Part I 1

2

3

General Issues

Characteristics and Specificity of Trace Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adam Hulanicki 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Units of Content Used in Trace Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Trace Analysis in Development of Methods of Chemical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Limits of Detection and Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quality of Analytical Results: Classifiying Errors and Estimating Measurement Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .