Hierarchical structures hydrogel evaporator and superhydrophilic water collect device for efficient solar steam evaporat
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Hierarchical structures hydrogel evaporator and superhydrophilic water collect device for efficient solar steam evaporation Wenwei Lei1,2, Sovann Khan2, Lie Chen1, Norihiro Suzuki2, Chiaki Terashima2 (), Kesong Liu1 (), Akira Fujishima2, and Mingjie Liu1 () 1
Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China 2 Photocatalysis International Research Center, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan © Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020 Received: 11 May 2020 / Revised: 6 October 2020 / Accepted: 8 October 2020
ABSTRACT Efficient light absorption and trapping are of vital importance for the solar water evaporation by hydrogel-based photothermal conversion materials. Conventional strategies are focused on the development of the composition and structure of the hydrogel’s internal network. In our point of view, the importance of the surface structure of hydrogel has usually been underestimated or ignored. Here inspired by the excellent absorbance and water transportation ability of biological surface structure, the hierarchical structured hydrogel evaporators (HSEs) increased the light absorption, trapping, water transportation and water-air interface, which is the beneficial photothermal conversion and water evaporation. The HSEs showed a rapid evaporation rate of 1.77 kg·m−2·h−1 at about 92% energy efficiency under one sun (1 kW·m−2). Furthermore, the superhydrophilic window device was used in this work to collect the condensed water, which avoids the light-blocking caused by the water mist formed by the small droplets and the problem of the droplets stick on the device dropping back to the bulk water. Integrated with the excellent photothermal conversion hydrogel and superhydrophilic window equipment, this work provides efficient evaporation and desalination of hydrogel-based solar evaporators in practical large-scale applications.
KEYWORDS light-trapping, large-scale, hierarchical structure hydrogel evaporator, solar steam evaporation, superhydrophilic window
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Introduction
Solar energy as the abundant renewable energy source on the earth to perform catalysis, analysis or fundamental investigations in biology, physics or chemistry is of great importance in both scientific research and practical applications [1–3]. Conversion of solar energy to thermal energy is a major paradigm for domestic heating, brine desalination and power generation in the past decades. Solar steam evaporation, which is one of the most promising green and eco-friendly solutions for global scarcity, directly converting solar energy to heat is an efficient way to harvest energy and purification water [4–6]. Recently, many kinds of solar-thermal materials, such as plasmonic absorbers [7–9], semiconductors [10–12], carbon-based materials [13–15], conductive polymers [16–19], artificial transpiration structures [20–23], and their hybrids have been de
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