High allelic diversity of the centromere-specific histone H3 (CENH3) in the legume sainfoin ( Onobrychis viciifolia )
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
High allelic diversity of the centromere‑specific histone H3 (CENH3) in the legume sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) Ahmet L. Tek1 · Sevim D. Kara Öztürk1 Received: 24 August 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The centromere is a structurally and functionally specialized region on each eukaryotic chromosome and is essential for accurate and complete segregation of chromosomes during cell division. Centromeric nucleosomes differ from canonical nucleosomes by replacement of the histone H3 with its centromere-specific variant CENH3. CENH3 is essential for active centromeres in most eukaryotes. Homologs of CENH3 are identified in many organisms. Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is an agriculturally important perennial forage and is a legume of the Fabaceae family. There is very limited information on the structure of the sainfoin genome and no data are available on its centromere structure. Here, we aim to characterize the sainfoin CENH3 homolog (OvCENH3). Using a sequence homology-based strategy with gene-specific primers, we were able to clone transcripts from sainfoin total RNA. The amplified clones were sequenced and compared by bioinformatics tools. Four distinct alleles of OvCENH3 were detected. Our study provides the first structural features on sainfoin centromeres with a possible allotetraploid origin for sainfoin. We discuss and compare our findings with that for other important legume species. Keywords Sainfoin · Onobrychis viciifolia · Forage · Leguminosae · Centromere · CENH3
Introduction Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) is a member of the Fabaceae family (former Leguminosae). It is a tetraploid (2n = 4⨉ = 28) perennial forage crop with a genome size of 1225 Mbp [10, 11, 24]. Since it can grow well in calcareous, arid, and semi-arid areas, it is recommended for crop rotation [6, 10]. It is used as green, dry or silage feed with favorable nutritious properties for animal husbandry. It is highly nutritious, rich in tannins, proteins and secondary plant metabolites. Because of its tannins, it reduces the impact of parasitic worms [10, 17, 24]. Due to its symbiotic relationship with rhizobia, it fixes atmospheric nitrogen to the soil and contributes to soil improvement by preventing erosion, as do other legumes with a strong root system Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-020-05926-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ahmet L. Tek [email protected] 1
Department of Agricultural Genetic Engineering, Ayhan Şahenk Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, 51240 Niğde, Turkey
[1, 3, 24]. Despite the importance of sainfoin, there is little research on the genome and chromosome structure of this crop going on. The fundamental chromosome and centromere properties have not been defined yet. Genome and centromere analysis of sainfoin are required because mutants of the centromeric histone CENH3 can be used to
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