HIV Risks Associated with Patronizing Alcohol Serving Establishments in South African Townships, Cape Town
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HIV Risks Associated with Patronizing Alcohol Serving Establishments in South African Townships, Cape Town Demetria Cain & Valerie Pare & Seth C. Kalichman & Ofer Harel & Jacqueline Mthembu & Michael P. Carey & Kate B. Carey & Vuyelwa Mehlomakulu & Leickness C. Simbayi & Kelvin Mwaba
Published online: 21 September 2012 # Society for Prevention Research 2012
Abstract Alcohol use has been closely linked with HIV risk behaviors in South Africa. The places where people drink are often the same settings in which they meet new sex partners and may contribute independently to sexual risk. This current study examines the independent effects of patronizing alcohol serving establishments (shebeens) and alcohol use in predicting HIV risk behaviors. Men (n0981) and women (n0492) were recruited from inside shebeens and surrounding areas proximal to shebeens in eight separate neighborhoods in a Township in Cape Town, South Africa. Anonymous community surveys measured demographic characteristics, alcohol use, shebeen attendance, and sexual
risk behaviors. Comparisons of 1210 (82 %) participants who patronized shebeens in the past month with 263 (18 %) participants who did not patronize shebeens demonstrated higher rates of alcohol use frequency and quantity, more sexual partners, and higher rates of vaginal intercourse without condoms for the patrons. Multiple linear regression analysis found shebeen attendance in the past month predicted greater sexual risk for HIV beyond demographic characteristics and alcohol use. Social influences and environmental factors in shebeens could be contributing to sexual risk behavior independently of alcohol consumption. Further research is needed to understand the environmental factors of shebeens that promote and influence HIV risk behaviors.
This project is supported by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Grant R01-AA017399, Kalichman, PI, and by National Institute of Mental Health Grant K01 MH087219, Harel, PI.
Keywords South Africa . HIV . Alcohol use . Sexual risk behavior . Drinking venues
D. Cain (*) : V. Pare : S. C. Kalichman : O. Harel Center for Health Intervention and Prevention, University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Unit 1248, Storrs, CT, USA 06269 e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
J. Mthembu : V. Mehlomakulu : L. C. Simbayi Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa M. P. Carey Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA M. P. Carey : K. B. Carey Brown University, Providence, RI, USA K. Mwaba University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
The HIV/AIDS epidemic persists in Sub-Saharan Africa where two-thirds of all people living with HIV/AIDS in the world reside. And in South Africa, the epidemic has been devastating with 5.7 million infected with HIV in 2008 and 1500 new HIV infections daily (UNAIDS 2010). Research has focused on identifying factors that contribute to HIV infection and associated risk behaviors. Among the most reliable predictors of sexual risk behaviors for
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