Hydro-geomorphological characterization of the Rio Grande Basin, Brazil, using geospatial approach
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(2020) 6:93
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Hydro‑geomorphological characterization of the Rio Grande Basin, Brazil, using geospatial approach J. F. Guidolini1 · J. P. H. B. Ometto1 · T. D. Nery2 · G. F. B. Arcoverde1 · A. Giarolla1 Received: 24 January 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Several studies have presented morphometric analysis as the key to understanding hydrological behavior or support tool for the assessment of natural resources and environmental risks in a river basin. The Rio Grande Basin has great socioeconomic and environmental relevance for Brazil; however, its morphometric characterization is not widely known. Therefore, we present the morphometric characteristics of the Rio Grande Basin (BHRG), from the geometric, relief, and drainage variables. Data processing was carried out using the Geographic Information System (GIS), from the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The results indicate that the BHRG is of the fifth order, presenting a dendritic drainage pattern, low susceptibility to flooding under normal precipitation conditions, sinuous watercourses, and an undulating relief. In addition, the BHRG is permeable, poorly drained, and displays low capacity to generate and maintain drainage tracts. The findings can contribute to a better understanding of hydrological behavior on a river basin and support integrated water resource plans. Keywords Morphometric analysis · Hydro-geomorphology · Water resource management · Soil and water conservation · Brazil
Introduction Morphometric characterizations are the result of the measurement and mathematical analysis of land surface configuration, relief shape, and size and aspects that interfere in local hydrological cycles (Ameri et al. 2018; Rahaman et al. 2015). Hydrographic basins, a Brazilian territorial planning unit, are the best element to assess hydrological cycles, especially in the terrestrial phase (Kabite and Gessesse 2018). Thus, analyses of morphometric parameters of watershed are essential in the evaluation of regional water potential, as a quantitative approach used in the study and understanding of surface runoff capacity (Santos et al. 2012). Watershed morphometric variables have been extensively studied since the 1910s by Gravelius (1914), Strahler (1952, 1957), Miller (1953), Horton (1945), Schumm (1956), and Villela and Matos (1975), among others. Recently, basin * J. F. Guidolini [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Earth System Science Centre, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, SP 12227010, Brazil
National Early Warning and Monitoring Centre of Natural Disasters, São José dos Campos, SP 12247016, Brazil
2
morphometry has been applied to natural resource and environmental risk assessments, especially concerning large floods and the study and evaluation of underground water potential and hydrological behavior (Ameri et al. 2018). In the absence of observed hydrological data, morphometry can provide timely information regarding hydrographic basin hydr
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