Hydrolytic Enzymes from Marine Organisms as Inhibitors of Biofilm Formation
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Hydrolytic Enzymes from Marine Organisms as Inhibitors of Biofilm Formation N. A. Terentevaa, *, N. S. Buinovskayaa, Yu. A. Noskovaa, L. V. Slepchenkoa, b, O. I. Nedashkovskayaa, L. A. Tekutevab, and L. A. Balabanovaa, b a
Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022 Russia b School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690091 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received November 29, 2019; revised January 28, 2020; accepted January 30, 2020
Abstract—The effects of some hydrolytic enzymes from marine organisms on the formation and destruction of bacterial biofilms have been studied. As the results show, the presence of α-D-galactosidase from the marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp. KMM 701 stimulates the growth of biofilms formed by various species of marine bacteria, whereas the formation of biofilms by Bacillus subtilis and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is inhibited by this enzyme. Treatment with α-galactosidase causes destruction of 5 to 35% of a mature biofilm of various bacterial species. Phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphatase from the marine bacterium Cobetia amphilecti KMM 296 have an inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation by marine strains of Bacillus licheniformis, B. aegricola, and B. berkelogi, and also degrade already formed biofilms of these bacilli and Yersinia. The crab hepatopancreas DNase inhibits the biofilm formation by Y. pseudotuberculosis and B. subtilis by partially degrading a mature biofilm. Keywords: biofilm, inhibitors, marine microorganisms, enzymes DOI: 10.1134/S1063074020040094
INTRODUCTION In nature, most bacterial species exist in the form of specifically organized biofilms. A bacterial biofilm is a community of one or more species of bacteria attached to a surface or to one another and enclosed in a matrix of extracellular polymer substances synthesized by them [4, 12]. The extracellular matrix of a biofilm is composed of exopolysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, and other compounds [14]. A biofilm protects bacteria from adverse abiotic environmental factors, as well as from specific and nonspecific defences of the host’s immune system. Bacteria in a biofilm can “communicate” with each other via secretory intermediators, which constitute the basis of their “social” behavior, or “quorum sensing” [16]. Biofilm research is of great interest, as microorganisms are capable of forming biofilms on any biotic and abiotic surface. In medicine, serious problems are associated with biofilms formed on prostheses, catheters, shunts, and contact lenses [4]. Special attention is paid to the study of biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria, since many chronic infections are caused by microorganisms that grow in the form of biofilms [20]. The drug resistance of bacteria in a biofilm is 1000 times higher than that of planktonic forms [4, 12].
Low-molecular-weight substances, or enzymes, can be used to inhibit the formation of a bacterial biofilm and degrade it [13]. In this regard, th
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