Identification and characterization of carotenoid biosynthesis related genes in a novel dark skinned citrus mutant culti
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RESEARCH REPORT
Identification and characterization of carotenoid biosynthesis related genes in a novel dark skinned citrus mutant cultivar ‘Suneat’ Md. Abdur Rahim1,2 · Khandker Shazia Afrin1 · Hee‑Jeong Jung1 · Hoy‑Taek Kim1 · Jong‑In Park1 · Ill‑Sup Nou1 Received: 15 August 2020 / Revised: 3 September 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 © Korean Society for Horticultural Science 2020
Abstract We explored the relationship between skin color and the expression of genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis during fruit ripening in two citrus cultivars, ‘Shiranuhi’ (a hybrid mandarin cultivar) and ‘Suneat’ (mutant cultivar derived from a natural bud mutation of ‘Shiranuhi’). We identified 16 and 7 genes putatively involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and regulation via phylogenetic analysis in sweet orange. Further, we determined the expression pattern of these genes by quantitative real time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). The result showed that the expression levels of CsPSY (Cs6g15910), CsZDS (Cs3g11180), CsZ-ISO (Cs5g24730), CsBCH1 (Cs9g19270), CsFUL2 (Cs5g12280), CsTAGL1 (Cs7g16960), CsRIN1 (Cs6g19680), CsRIN2 (Cs7g10980), and CsHY5 (Cs7g05140) were up-regulated in the skin of mutant cultivar ‘Suneat’ than any other tissues of both citrus cultivars. Of these CsPSY, CsZDS, CsZ-ISO and CsBCH1 genes were related to carotenoid biosynthesis and CsFUL2, CsTAGL1, CsRIN1, CsRIN2, and CsHY5 were known to involve in the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis. Our results reveal that the attractive dark orange skin color of ‘Suneat’ might be due to the up-regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic as well as regulatory genes and thereby higher levels carotenoids at ripening. Keywords Biosynthetic genes · Carotenoid · Citrus · Regulatory genes · Skin color
1 Introduction Citrus is the most popular, economically important and nutritionally rich fruit crops of the Rutaceae family around the world (Dhuique-Mayer et al. 2005). It grows in tropical, sub-tropical areas of the world (https://eol.org/pages/58220 6/details). Citrus fruit is rich in various health-promoting antioxidants vis. ascorbate, polyphenols and carotenoids (Gardner et al. 2000). These dietary antioxidants can potentially prevent cellular oxidative damages caused by free‐radical (Sánchez-Moreno et al. 2003). Communicated by Heakeun Yun, Ph.D. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580-020-00298-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ill‑Sup Nou [email protected] 1
Department of Horticulture, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
2
A novel mutant cultivar ‘Suneat’ discovered by a farmer at Jeju Island, South Korea as a natural bud mutation of a citrus cultivar ‘Shiranuhi’ (Kang et al. 2016; Ko et al. 2016). ‘Shiranuhi’ is a Japanese hybrid mandarin cultivar [(Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis) × C. retculata] characterized
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