Identification of bacteria-derived urease in the coral gastric cavity
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tober 2020 Vol.63 No.10: 1553–1563 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-020-9647-x
Identification of bacteria-derived urease in the coral gastric cavity 1,2,3
Yiqing ZHOU 1
1,2*
1,2
, Kaihao TANG , Pengxia WANG , Weiquan WANG 4 1,2,3† Yan WANG & Xiaoxue WANG
1,2,3
,
Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China 2
4
Received March 18, 2020; revised June 5, 2020; accepted June 22, 2020; published online August 10, 2020
Abstract Nitrogen cycle is critical to maintain a healthy coral reef ecosystem. Urea can provide a source of nitrogen for coral holobiont and is important for coral calcification through degradation by urease. Despite the involvement of coral-associated bacteria in nitrogen fixation, nitrification and denitrification are well recognized, to what extend urea degradation by bacteria contributing to the urea utilization by coral holobiont remains to be investigated. In this study, we demonstrate that the urea utilization is a common feature of Halomonas spp. that is a dominant genus in cultivable coral-associated bacteria. A urease operon was characterized by genome sequencing and gene knock-out technique in Halomonas meridiana SCSIO 43005, isolated from the gastric cavity of healthy scleractinian coral Galaxea fascicularis. H. meridiana showed high urease activity which was induced by urea and deletion of the urease operon reduced the capability to use urea as solo nitrogen source. Furthermore, approximately 1/3 coral-associated bacteria in the IMG/M database possess complete urease operons indicating the involvement of bacteria-derived ureases in coral holobiont. These results suggest that urease from coral-associated bacteria might be important player in the nitrogen cycling of coral reefs. Keywords Citation:
Urease, Nitrogen cycling, Galaxea fascicularis, Scleractinian coral, Halomonas
Zhou Y, Tang K, Wang P, Wang W, Wang Y, Wang X. 2020. Identification of bacteria-derived urease in the coral gastric cavity. Science China Earth Sciences, 63: 1553–1563, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-020-9647-x
1. Introduction Coral reefs harbour a great biodiversity, hosting approximately 1/3 of the diversity of marine life including corals, reef invertebrates, fish and other animals and plants (ReakaKudla, 1997; Hughes et al., 2017). Carbon is rapidly cycled in coral reefs by diurnal production and respiration. CO2 is used for corals to build up coral aragonite skeletons which is the key structure providing habitat for a large number of * C
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