Impact of clinical and sociodemographic factors on fatigue among patients with substance use disorder: a cohort study fr
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(2020) 15:93
RESEARCH
Open Access
Impact of clinical and sociodemographic factors on fatigue among patients with substance use disorder: a cohort study from Norway for the period 2016–2020 Jørn Henrik Vold1,2* , Rolf Gjestad3, Christer F. Aas1,2, Fatemeh Chalabianloo1,2, Svetlana Skurtveit4,5, Else-Marie Løberg1,3,6, Kjell Arne Johansson1,2, Lars Thore Fadnes1,2 and for the INTRO-HCV Study Group
Abstract Background: The impact of clinical and sociodemographic factors on fatigue remains unknown among patients with substance use disorders (SUD). This study aims to evaluate fatigue among patients with SUD using a nine-item fatigue severity scale (FSS-9) and identify the impact that clinical and sociodemographic factors – such as injecting substance use, chronic infectious diseases, liver fibrosis, opioid agonist therapy (OAT), debt difficulties, and housing situation – have on fatigue. Methods: We used data from a cohort of patients with SUD in Norway with annual health assessments surveying FSS-9 and some clinical and sociodemographic factors. A total of 915 FSS-9 measurements were collected from 654 patients during the period 2016–2020. We defined baseline as the first annual health assessment when the health assessments were listed chronologically. Time was defined as years from baseline. We used a linear mixed model to analyse whether the clinical and sociodemographic factors affected the FSS-9 sum score, presented with beta coefficients (β) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The mean sum score of the FSS-9 was 43 (standard deviation: 16) at baseline. Females compared with males (adjusted mean difference of FSS-9 sum score: 4.1, 95% CI: 1.3–7.0), having debt difficulties compared with having no debt difficulties (2.9;0.4–5.3), and frequent use of benzodiazepines (5.7;3.0–8.4) or amphetamines (-5.0;8.0– -2.0) compared to less frequent or no use of these substances changed the FSS-9 baseline sum score. The other clinical and sociodemographic factors did not predict any clinically relevant change in the FSS-9 sum score from baseline to the following health assessments. Conclusion: Patients with SUD suffer from high levels of fatigue. Female patients, patients with debt difficulties, and those with extensive use of benzodiazepines are at particular risk of being fatigued. This should be taken into consideration when planning health services. Keywords: Substance-related disorders, Fatigue, Fatigue severity scale, Quality of life, Comorbidities, Illicit drugs, Viral human hepatitis, HIV, Kidney disease * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Addiction Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, N-5021 Bergen, Norway 2 Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium
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