Improvement in the chemical structure and biological activity of surface titanium after exposure to UVC light
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Improvement in the chemical structure and biological activity of surface titanium after exposure to UVC light Viviane Neves Pacheco1 · Josué Nolde1 · Alexandre Silva de Quevedo1 · Fernanda Visioli2 · Deise Ponzoni1 Received: 13 March 2020 / Accepted: 9 July 2020 © The Society of The Nippon Dental University 2020
Abstract Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has been proposed as a method to reverse the aging process of titanium. However, the intensity, exposure time and wavelength that provide the best results have not yet been determined. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of photocatalysis by ultraviolet C light on the time-dependent aging of titanium and to analyze the irradiated titanium for changes in structure and in vitro biological activity, with regard to different exposure times. A titanium photofunctionalization device was developed with characteristics different from those on the market. The sample was composed of titanium disks irradiated for different times of exposure to ultraviolet C light (0, 15, 30 and 60 min). The disks were tested for surface wettability (water contact angle), topography (scanning electron microscopy—SEM) and chemical composition (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and effects on cell adhesion (cell culture and SEM) and cell viability by sulforhodamine B (SRB). Ultraviolet C treatment caused changes in titanium surface characteristics, such as increased wettability and removal of hydrocarbons from the surface after 15 min of exposure in the chamber developed. The biological characteristics of the material also appear to have changed, with improved cell adhesion and viability. Photofunctionalization of titanium proved to be effective for the treatment of aged surfaces, with significant modifications in the surface chemical structure and biological activity of the material. Keywords Titanium surface · Osseointegration · Photofunctionalization · UVC light · Dental implants
Introduction Titanium is widely used in implantology and orthopedics, because it has excellent physical properties such as high corrosion resistance, low modulus of elasticity and considerable fatigue resistance compared to various metal alloys [1]. Over the last decades, modifications in the titanium surface have been investigated to accelerate and improve the process of osseointegration. Changes in topographic and chemical order by nanotechnology have shown success in osteogenic parameters [2–5]. Recently, the natural aging of titanium surfaces has been considered. The surface of an * Viviane Neves Pacheco [email protected] 1
Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Dentistry College, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre 90035‑003, Brazil
Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dentistry College, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos, Porto Alegre 90035‑003, Brazil
2
implant constantly absorbs impurities such as polycarbons and hydrocarbons from the atmosphere after milling. The proportion of ca
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