In-situ polymerization of graphene/SiO 2 hybrids modified phenolic resin for improved thermal stability at an ultralow f
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In‑situ polymerization of graphene/SiO2 hybrids modified phenolic resin for improved thermal stability at an ultralow filler loading Nianliang Gu1 · Haiyan Zhang2 · Heyi Ge1 · Feifei Wang1 · Bomin Liu3 Received: 26 July 2020 / Revised: 26 September 2020 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract We report a method of in-situ modification of phenolic resin (PR) on improving thermal stability with graphene/SiO2 hybrids at an ultralow filler loading. GO/SiO2 hybrids were prepared by electrostatic adsorption method and chemically reduced to RGO/SiO2 hybrids by N aBH4. The effect of in-situ modification of PR by GO/SiO2 and RGO/SiO2 on thermal stability of PR was studied. The results of SEM, XRD and FTIR showed that the hybrids and in-situ polymerization had a significant effect on improving the thermal property of PR. The TG and DTG analyses demonstrated that the thermal performance of PR in 350–500 °C was improved prominently. The T5% and T10% of 0.1 wt% (RGO–SiO2)/PR were increased by 165.56 °C and 89.23 °C compared with the pure PR, reaching 381.77 °C and 466.20 °C, respectively. Moreover, the R800°C of 0.1 wt% (GO–SiO2)/PR and 0.1 wt% (RGO–SiO2)/PR reached 69.86 wt% and 70.20 wt%, which increased by 10.75% and 11.29%, respectively, compared with pure PR. Therefore, the application of graphene/SiO2 hybrids in the in-situ polymerization modification of PR can significantly improve the thermal stability of PR and broaden its application fields. Keywords In-situ polymerization · Phenolic resin · Graphene · Hybrids · Thermal stability
* Heyi Ge [email protected] 1
School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, People’s Republic of China
2
College of Basic Sciences, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, People’s Republic of China
3
Shandong BoYuan Composites Materials Technology Co., Ltd, Heze 274200, People’s Republic of China
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Polymer Bulletin
Introduction Phenolic resin (PR) is divided into thermosetting phenolic resin and thermoplastic phenolic resin by the molar ratio of phenol and formaldehyde [1]. PR has many merits such as high thermal stability, flame retardant, excellent insulation performance, which make it attractive for a number of engineering applications such as ablative resistant materials, insulation materials and wear-resistant materials [2, 3]. However, the thermal stability of PR needs to be further improved to meet the needs of PR in various fields. It is found that its application in ablation resistant composites can be prominent by the increase in its char retention capacity at high temperature in N 2 [4, 5]. One way to improve the thermal stability of PR is to introduce heat-resistant particles into the resin. Sekhar et al. [6] modified PR with intercalated graphite by liquid phase intercalation. The char yield at 1100 °C was increased by 12.7%, from 55.63 (pure PR) to 62.80% (1% intercalated graphite/PR). The temperature (T10%, the mass loss rate 10%) of t
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