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In this issue Published online: 15 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
In this issue various interesting topics from various sites are presented including the male genital and the urinary system, the female genital and the gastrointestinal tract. The published articles provide novel insight into tumor biology and propose putative therapeutic cancer targets. Michalova et al. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-02002843-3) report a study aiming to unravel the biology of mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumors of the testis using next generation sequencing. The authors hypothesize a true neoplastic nature of the germ cell component due to cytologic atypia, extratesticular invasion and multiple genomic alterations, particularly chromosomal losses. They conclude that rare examples of true MGSCT of the testis do exist and represent a distinct tumor entity with admixed adult-type granulosa cell tumor and spermatocytic tumor components. The topic is further discussed by an editorial by Oosterhuis (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-020-02866-w). Tang et al. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-020-02782-z) analyze the expression and prognostic impact of PDK1, a key regulator of glucose metabolism in muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. High PDK1 expression was associated with poor prognosis and remained an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in multifactor risk analysis. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that various pathways including HIF, glycolysis and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling were differentially enriched in the PDK1 high expression phenotype and may serve as putative therapeutic targets. Fumio et al. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-020-02839-z) studied the proteins of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex in renal cell carcinomas with sarcomatoid and rhabdoid features. Aberrant SMARCA4 immunoreactivity was more frequent in the sarcomatoid or rhabdoid components of clear cell carcinoma compared to their non-clear cell counterparts and may serve as a diagnostic tool. In addition, SMARCA4 deficiency was associated with poor outcome in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Notably, SMARCB1, SMARCA2, and SMARCC2 are retained in almost all subtypes of renal cell carcinoma.
Moeller et al. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-020-02834-4) studied the role of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) in adenocarcinoma of the prostate and found a strong association between hnRNPA1 up-regulation and tumor cell proliferation independent from the Gleason grade, high levels of androgen receptor expression as well as presence of chromosomal deletions. hnRNPA1 overexpression is an independent predictor of poor prognosis in prostate cancer lacking the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion. Chu et al. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-020-02831-7) studied a large cohort of penile squamous cell carcinomas and detected HPV DNA in third of the tumors mostly associated with p16 immunoreactivity and associated with favorable prognosis. Davidson et al. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-
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