In vitro propagation of three Iranian apricot cultivars
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PLANT TISSUE CULTURE
In vitro propagation of three Iranian apricot cultivars Asieh Zare Khafri 1 & Mahmood Solouki 1 & Reza Zarghami 2 & Baratali Fakheri 1 & Nafiseh Mahdinezhad 1 & Masoud Naderpour 3 Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 / Editor: Jorge Canhoto # The Society for In Vitro Biology 2020
Abstract In vitro propagation is a useful method for clonal propagation of apricot; however, it is a highly genotype-dependent procedure. Eight different experiments were conducted to optimize and establish an efficient in vitro propagation protocol for three Iranian apricot cultivars, including Ordubad, Shams, and Qaysi. Sterilization, in vitro establishment, proliferation, root induction, and acclimatization steps were assessed. The fungal and bacterial infections were significantly decreased when nanosilver (2.5%) was applied in sterilization of initial explants. The highest number of active buds was obtained from summer-season collected lateral bud explants. The establishment responses of apricot cultivars to investigated basal culture media were different and the best results for Ordubad, Shams, and Qaysi cultivars were obtained from Driver and Kuniyuki (DKW), Woody Plant Medium (WPM), and modified Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL) basal media, respectively. The highest number of induced lateral shoots in Ordubad cultivar (2.33) was obtained from basal QL medium supplemented with BAP (4.44 μmol L−1), GA3 (1.44 μmol L−1), and IBA (0.098 μmol L−1). In Shams and Qaysi cultivars, the highest numbers of induced lateral shoots were obtained from WPM basal medium. The best combinations of BAP and GA3 hormones to increase the number of induced lateral shoots in three Iranian apricot cultivars were 11.56 μmol L−1 GA3 and 4.44 μmol L−1 BAP. In comparison with routine solid culture system, a 10 min h−1 temporary immersion bioreactor system led to the significant increase of the number of induced lateral shoots, with higher shoot quality, in all investigated cultivars. The half strength QL medium supplemented with 19.68 μmol L−1 of IBA resulted in the highest rooting percentage in all investigated apricot cultivars. The results of the present study would be applicable for cost-effective large-scale clonal propagation of other valuable cultivars of apricot. Keywords Micropropagation . Nanosilver . Plant growth regulator . Prunus armenica . Temporary immersion bioreactor
Introduction In vitro regeneration is an amazing biotechnology tool, which has many useful applications in plant science. Many plant breeding and genetic manipulation efforts can be managed by an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol (Pérez-Tornero and Burgos 2000). In situ and ex situ conservation, * Reza Zarghami [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (PBB), Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
2
Department of Tissue and Cell Culture, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 3135933151, Iran
3
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