In vitro study of foot bone kinematics via a custom-made cadaveric gait simulator
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(2020) 15:346
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
In vitro study of foot bone kinematics via a custom-made cadaveric gait simulator Genrui Zhu†, Zhifeng Wang†, Chengjie Yuan†, Xiang Geng, Jian Yu, Chao Zhang, Jiazhang Huang, Xu Wang* Xin Ma
and
Abstract Background: Quantifying detailed kinematics of the intrinsic foot bone during gait is crucial for understanding biomechanical functions of the foot complex musculoskeletal structure and making appropriate surgery decisions. Research question: The purpose of this experiment is to measure bone kinematic of the normal foot in a gait cycle via a custom-made cadaveric gait simulator. Methods: In this experiment, we used a custom-made 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) of robotic gait simulator simulating normal human gait to measure the 3-dimensional (3D) kinematics of tibia, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, medial cuneiform, first metatarsal, and fifth metatarsal through six cadaveric feet. Results: The results showed that the kinematic of the intrinsic foot bones in the stance phase of the gait was successfully quantified using a custom-made robotic gait simulator. During walking stance, the joints in the medial column of foot had less movement than those in the lateral column. And during the later portion of stance, no rotational cease was observed in the movement between navicular and cuboid, calcaneocuboid joint, or cuneonavicular joint. Conclusion: This study described foot bone motion using a biomechanically near-physiological gait simulator with 6 DOF of the tibia. The kinematic data helps to clarify previous descriptions of several joint kinematics that are difficult to study in vivo. The methodology also provides a platform for researchers to explore more invasive foot biomechanics under dynamic and near-physiologic conditions. Keywords: Cadaveric gait simulator, In vitro kinematics, Foot bones, Gait
Introduction Foot and ankle play an important role in bearing weight and managing normal daily activities such as walking. Given the fact that biomechanics is essential for foot and ankle surgery, it is a necessity for us, orthopedists, to improve our understanding of foot biomechanics, especially the 3D kinematics of the foot bones during human gait. Previous studies conducted for the measurement of 3D kinematics of the foot bones during gait can be classified * Correspondence: [email protected] † Genrui Zhu, Zhifeng Wang and Chengjie Yuan contributed equally to this work. Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No.12, Middle Wulumuqi Road, Jingan District, Shanghai, China
into four categories [1–10], including skin marker-based motion capture system, fluoroscopy study, in vivo measurement with bone pins, and measurement through cadaver gait simulators. However, some limitations are found in previous research methods. First, the skin marker-based motion capture system is less accurate due to skin marker artifacts [1, 11]. Next, fluoroscopy study was found less accurate in bony motion description due to the low frequency of observation and human-based
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