In vivo imaging of a single erythrocyte with high-resolution photoacoustic microscopy
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LETTER
In vivo imaging of a single erythrocyte with high-resolution photoacoustic microscopy Guo HE, Bingbing LI, Sihua YANG (✉) Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science & Institute of Laser Life Science College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
© Higher Education Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Abstract In this letter, we reported a high-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) to image erythrocytes and blood vessels. The developed system had the ability to provide a lateral resolution of 1.0 μm at the wavelength of 532 nm with a 10 objective. First, we used a sharp edge to measure the lateral resolution of the PAM and testified the stability with carbon fibers. Then, using this system, in vivo blood vessels and capillaries of a mouse ear, even a single erythrocyte can be clearly imaged. There was a pair of accompanying venule and arteriole, whose detailed and further complicated branches can be clearly identified. And likely red blood cells (RBCs) arrayed one by one in microvasculature was also shown. The experimental results demonstrate that the high-resolution PAM has potential clinical applications for imaging of erythrocytes and blood vessels. Keywords in vivo, photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), erythrocyte, microvasculature
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Introduction
Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) has been recognized as a kind of rapid development of medical imaging technology [1–3]. PAM has been applied in brain functional imaging [4], detection of early breast tumor [5] and dynamic change of oxygen saturation [6,7], monitoring of cerebrovascular activity as an noninvasive manner in small animals, which can provide high sensitivity and high specificity [8], and detection of differentiate atherosclerotic plaques [9], monitoring of vascular damage during tumor photodynamic therapy [10]. In PAM imaging, laser pulses are delivered into biologic tissues. Some of the delivered Received July 2, 2014; accepted August 28, 2014 E-mail: [email protected]
energy has been absorbed and converted into heat, leading to photoacoustic (PA) effect, inducing transient thermoelastic expansion and thus releasing wideband ultrasonic. The generated ultrasonic waves, namely PA signals, are then detected by ultrasonic transducers to reconstruct images. Then, we can get the distribution of light absorption information in tissues [11–14]. With the characteristic of point source excitation, PAM imaging can be obtained by scanning the biologic tissues point by point. To achieve the above procedure, we can move the imaging tissue with two-dimensional stepper motor [15] or move the scanning excitation beam with two-dimensional galvanometer [16,17] and digital micromirror device [18,19]. Considering from the scanning speed and stability, PAM imaging generally adopts the method of moving the scanning excitation beam. Here, we developed the high-resolution PAM for imaging erythrocytes and blood vessels. In this system, the laser was through a two-dimensional scanning galvanometer, the scanning
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