Incorporation of CuO/TiO 2 Nanocomposite into MOF-5 for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) and Photodegradation of
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Incorporation of CuO/TiO2 Nanocomposite into MOF-5 for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) and Photodegradation of Organic Dyes Abdul Jabbar1 · Muhammad Fiaz1 · Sonia Rani1 · Muhammad Naeem Ashiq1 · Muhammad Athar1 Received: 18 March 2020 / Revised: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 16 April 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this reported article, a highly efficient, stable and low cost CuO/TiO2@MOF-5 composite has been synthesized by insitu incorporation of pre-synthesized precursors into MOF-5. The formation of synthesized samples has been confirmed by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) images and Ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry. The synthesized samples are found efficient for photoelectrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and photodegradation of organic dyes (methylene blue/methyl orange). It has been observed that CuO/ TiO2@MOF-5 shows lowest onset potential, highest current density and better OER activity as compared to some of previously reported Cu-based working electrodes. It required only 263 mV overpotential to deliver the benchmark 10 mA cm−2 current density. In the same way, CuO/TiO2@MOF-5/NF exhibits maximum ability to degrade methylene blue and methyl orange as compared to all other samples. Graphic Abstract
Keywords Metal–organic frameworks · Nanoparticles · Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) · Photodegradation · Organic dye Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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1 Introduction With the increasing demands of energy and rapid consumption of fossil fuels, search of alternate and renewable energy sources has attracted a great research attention. Amongst different alternate energy sources, hydrogen represents itself as a most promising alternate and renewable energy source [1]. The production of hydrogen through photoelectrochemical water splitting has been widely used as one of the most promising way to produce clean and renewable H2 fuel [2]. Water splitting consists of two half reactions: Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at photoanode and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at photocathode. Both these reactions are kinetically sluggish because they required a lot of overpotential [3]. Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is kinetically more sluggish as compared to HER because of the four-electron coupled reactions [4]. Recently, the most efficient OER catalysts are based on noble metals (Ir or Ru) but due to their scarcity and high cost, they cannot be used at commercial level [5]. So, a lot of research attention has been focused on the development of low cost, efficient and nonnoble metal based OER catalysts such as transition metal oxides, phosphides, sulphides and selenides [6–9]. MOFs (metal-organic frameworks) are a class of organic and inorganic hybrid porous materials, which have been generating a rapid expansion and development in many potential applications such as gas storage, CO2 capture, separation, catalysi
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