Inflammatory effects of particulate matter air pollution
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Inflammatory effects of particulate matter air pollution Rubén D. Arias-Pérez 1 & Natalia A. Taborda 1,2 Juan C. Hernandez 3
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Diana M. Gómez 3
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Jhon Fredy Narvaez 4 & Jazmín Porras 1
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Received: 24 June 2020 / Accepted: 19 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Air pollution is an important cause of non-communicable diseases globally with particulate matter (PM) as one of the main air pollutants. PM is composed of microscopic particles that contain a mixture of chemicals and biological elements that can be harmful to human health. The aerodynamic diameter of PM facilitates their deposition when inhaled. For instance, coarse PM having a diameter of < 10 μm is deposited mainly in the large conducting airways, but PM of < 2.5 μm can cross the alveolarcapillary barrier, traveling to other organs within the body. Epidemiological studies have shown the association between PM exposure and risk of disease, namely those of the respiratory system such as lung cancer, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, cardiovascular and neurological diseases have also been reported, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, stroke, loss of cognitive function, anxiety, and Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. Inflammation is a common hallmark in the pathogenesis of many of these diseases associated with exposure to a variety of air pollutants, including PM. This review focuses on the main effects of PM on human health, with an emphasis on the role of inflammation. Keywords Air pollution . Particulate matter . Urban air pollution . Respiratory system . Cardiovascular system . Central nervous system . Inflammation
Introduction Air pollution is a public health problem many cities face worldwide. It is characterized by a conglomeration of harmful substances present in the atmosphere (World Health Organization 2013, 2016). Population growth, associated with the development of industry and an increase in fossil fuel consumption, and inappropriate agricultural activities are factors that increase the generation of pollutants in the air, Responsible editor: Lotfi Aleya * Juan C. Hernandez [email protected] 1
Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
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Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
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Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
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Grupo de Investigaciones Ingeniar, Facultad de Ingenierías, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
affecting human health (World Health Organization 2006). Among the different types of air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) causes the most significant harmful effects (Thompson 2018). PM is composed of solid and liquid particles produced by diesel usage, road and agricultural dust, and industrial activities that are emitt
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